近3届夏季奥运会中国奖牌分布特征及竞技实力提升策略研究  

Medal Distribution Characteristics of China in the Last Three Summer Olympics and Competitive Strength Enhancement Strategies

作　　者：贾宗英 李向前[1] Jia Zongying;Li Xiangqian(School of Physical Education,Shanxi Normal University,Taiyuan 030031,China)

机构地区：[1]山西师范大学体育学院,山西太原030031

出　　处：《体育科技文献通报》2025年第3期1-5,37,共6页Bulletin of Sport Science & Technology

摘　　要：奥运会是世界各国和地区展示体育竞技实力的重要平台。本文采用文献资料法、数理统计法、对比分析法、逻辑分析法等研究方法,对中国在近3届奥运会上奖牌数量、项目分布特征以及竞技实力提升策略进行深入研究。研究发现:在总体竞技实力方面,中国竞技实力较强,但与美国相比仍存在差距。在项目分布上,中国在传统优势项目上的夺金能力较强,非传统项目的奖牌贡献也在逐渐增加。在性别差异方面,中国女性运动员参赛人数多于男性,但男女运动员的夺奖率差异不大。在项群分布上,体能主导类项目方面,中国快速力量性项目发展稳定,而速度性和耐力性项目发展滞后;技能主导类项目方面,中国优势项目夺金能力强,新兴项目发展态势良好;技心能主导类项目方面,中国射击项目战绩稳定,但射箭和高尔夫项目表现欠佳;技战能主导类项目方面,中国隔网对抗类项目夺金能力强,同场对抗性项目整体竞争力较弱,格斗对抗性项目具备一定夺牌能力,但稳定性不足。中国竞技体育发展也存在一些问题,如女强男弱“假”态呈现、各类项群发展不均、竞技后备人才缺失等。建议:缩小性别差距,提高参赛率;均衡发展各个项群,巩固优势项目,拓展潜优势项目;加强人才队伍建设,培养后备人才。The Olympic Games are a crucial platform for countries and regions around the world to demonstrate their competitive sports prowess.This study employs literature research method,mathematical statistics,comparative analysis,and logical analysis to investigate the medal count,sport distribution characteristics,and strategies for enhancing competitive strength of China in the last three Olympic Games.Findings reveal:In terms of overall competitive strength,China exhibits strong performance but still lags behind the US.Regarding sport distribution,China demonstrates robust gold-winning capabilities in traditional strongholds,with non-traditional sports increasingly contributing to medal tallies.Gender-wise,female athletes outnumber males,but medal-winning rates show minimal disparity between genders.In groups of sports distribution,physical-dominant sports show varied development:speed-strength disciplines maintain stable progress while speed-oriented and endurance-based sports lag behind.Among skill-dominant sports,traditional strengths exhibit strong gold-medal capabilities alongside promising growth in emerging disciplines.Among Technique-mental sports,shooting maintains consistent performance,whereas archery and golf underperform.For technique-tactical sports,China's net-separated opposition sports demonstrate superior gold-winning capacities compared to weaker overall competitiveness in field opposition sports,while combat sports show medal potential but lack consistency.China's competitive sports development faces challenges including superficial gender imbalances,uneven progress across groups of sports,and shortages in reserve talent pipelines.To address these,strategic measures should prioritize:i)closing gender gaps through equitable participation mechanisms;ii)balancing groups of sports development by consolidating traditional strengths while cultivating emerging disciplines;and iii)strengthening talent talent pipelines to cultivate reserves.

关 键 词：夏季奥运会 中国 奖牌分布特征 竞技实力 提升策略 

分 类 号：G811.2[文化科学—体育学]