ACTN3基因对竞技体育的影响研究  

A Study on the Impact of the ACTN3 Gene on Competitive Sports

作　　者：薛皓元 刘耀荣[1,2] 王赛赛 师亚榕 Xue Haoyuan;Liu Yaorong;Wang Saisai;Shi Yarong(School of Physical Education,Xi'an University of Physical Education,Xi'an 710068,China)

机构地区：[1]西安体育学院体育教育学院,陕西西安710068 [2]西安体育学院武术学院,陕西西安710068

出　　处：《体育科技文献通报》2025年第3期72-76,89,共6页Bulletin of Sport Science & Technology

摘　　要：ACTN3基因的R577X多态性(C→T碱基置换)通过调控肌肉功能分化显著影响运动表现与损伤风险。本文采用文献资料法、逻辑分析法等研究方法,综述ACTN3基因对竞技体育的影响。研究发现:携带R等位基因(RR/RX)的个体因α-actinin-3蛋白提高快肌纤维代谢效率,在短跑、足球等力量型项目中更具爆发力优势;XX基因型则因α-actinin-3缺失促使慢肌纤维比例增加,可能通过相关代谢通路提升耐力表现,但成年精英运动员中R等位基因频率升高提示其耐力优势或随训练减弱。基因型与损伤风险密切相关:XX基因型因肌节稳定性差,非接触性损伤风险较高;R等位基因虽加速疲劳恢复,却可能增加低氧环境氧化应激及跟腱损伤概率。此外,ACTN3与其他基因(如ACE)的协同作用可优化运动选材与损伤预测模型。未来需结合跨种族、跨项目的大样本研究,进一步解析其分子机制,以推动个性化训练与健康管理。本文可为竞技体育的科学选材和风险防控提供了关键遗传学依据。The R577X polymorphism(C-to-T base substitution)in the ACTN3 gene significantly influences athletic performance and injury risk by regulating muscle fiber differentiation.This study employs literature research method and logical analysis to review the impact of ACTN3 on competitive sports.Findings reveal that individuals carrying the R allele(RR/RX genotypes)exhibit explosive power advantages in strength-oriented disciplines like sprinting and soccer,attributed toα-actinin-3 protein enhancing fast-twitch fiber metabolic efficiency.Conversely,the XX genotype,characterized byα-actinin-3 deficiency,promotes slow-twitch fiber dominance and may improve endurance performance through compensatory metabolic pathways;however,the elevated R allele frequency among elite adult athletes suggests diminished endurance benefits with training.Genotype-injury correlations are significant:XX genotypes face higher non-contact injury risks due to compromised sarcomere stability,while R alleles accelerate fatigue recovery but increase oxidative stress in hypoxic conditions and susceptibility to Achilles tendon injuries.Synergistic interactions between ACTN3 and other genes(e.g.,ACE)refine athlete selection and injury predictive models.Future multi-ethnic,cross-discipline studies with large-scale cohorts are needed to elucidate molecular mechanisms and advance personalized training and health management.This study provides critical genetic insights for scientific athlete selection and injury prevention in competitive sports.

关 键 词：ACTN3基因 运动表现 运动损伤 运动选材 

分 类 号：G812[文化科学—体育学]