5~6岁儿童粗大动作技能与执行功能的关系研究  

Study on the Relationship Between Gross Motor Skills and Executive Functions in Children Aged 5-6 Years

作　　者：邵瑞 汪洋[2] 戴杰 王莉[1] Shao Rui;Wang Yang;Dai Jie;Wang Li(Physical Education Department of Anhui Sanlian University,Hefei 230000,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽三联学院体育部,安徽合肥230000 [2]安徽新华学院通识教育部,安徽合肥230031 [3]合肥市上海路小学,安徽合肥230022

出　　处：《体育科技文献通报》2025年第3期222-225,272,共5页Bulletin of Sport Science & Technology

基　　金：安徽省高等学校科学研究重点项目“大学生体育与健康核心素养的促进机制及干预实证”(项目编号:2024AH052552)。

摘　　要：目的:探究5~6岁儿童粗大动作技能、执行功能的发展情况及存在的性别差异,分析粗大动作技能与执行功能的关系。方法:选取幼儿园122名5~6岁儿童进行测试。运用TGMD-2测试儿童的粗大动作技能;选取白天/黑夜、倒背数字广度和维度变化卡等任务分别对执行功能各维度进行测量。结果:(1)5~6岁儿童粗大动作技能的发展情况方面,物体操控技能的完成率平均值为0.45±0.12,身体移动技能完成率平均值为0.39±0.09;男生的身体移动技能平均得分为(7.00±1.24)分,女生的身体移动技能平均得分为(5.75±1.40)分。(2)5~6岁儿童执行功能的发展情况方面,抑制控制的完成率平均值为0.86±0.11,工作记忆的完成率平均值为0.80±0.10,认知灵活性的完成率平均值为0.57±0.13。(3)粗大动作技能与性别、抑制控制、工作记忆和认知灵活性均存在显著的相关关系(P<0.05)。结论:(1)5~6岁儿童物体操控技能完成率高于身体移动技能,男生的身体移动技能得分显著高于女生;(2)执行功能中的抑制控制的完成率最高,工作记忆次之,认知灵活性最低;(3)粗大动作技能与执行功能各维度均存在显著的相关关系。OBJECTIVE:To investigate the developmental status and gender differences in gross motor skills and executive functions among children aged 5-6 years,and analyze the relationship between gross motor skills and executive functions.METHODS:A total of 122 children aged 5-6 years from kindergartens were tested.The Test of Gross Motor Development-2(TGMD-2)was used to assess gross motor skills,while tasks such as Day/Night Task,Digit Span Backward,and Dimensional Change Card Sort were employed to measure dimensions of executive functions(inhibitory control,working memory,and cognitive flexibility).RESULTS:(i)For gross motor skills development,the average completion rate of object control skills was 0.45±0.12,and that of locomotor was 0.39±0.09.Boys scored significantly higher in locomotor(7.00±1.24)than girls(5.75±1.40).(ii)For executive functions development,the average completion rates were 0.86±0.11 for inhibitory control,0.80±0.10 for working memory,and 0.57±0.13 for cognitive flexibility.(iii)Significant correlations were observed between gross motor skills and gender,inhibitory control,working memory,and cognitive flexibility(P<0.05).CONCLUSIONS:(i)The completion rate of object control skills was higher than that of locomotor in children aged 5-6 years,with boys demonstrating superior locomotor compared to girls.(ii)Among executive functions,inhibitory control had the highest completion rate,followed by working memory,and cognitive flexibility had the lowest.(iii)Gross motor skills showed significant correlations with all dimensions of executive functions.

关 键 词：5~6岁儿童 粗大动作技能 执行功能 

分 类 号：G804.8[文化科学—运动人体科学]