氮磷配施对晚播冬小麦产量及品质的影响  

Effect of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Rationing on Yield and Quality of Winter Wheat

作　　者：丁龙 杜吉到[1] DING Long;DU Jidao(Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural Reclamation University,Daqing 163319,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江八一农垦大学,黑龙江大庆163319

出　　处：《乡村科技》2025年第7期78-83,共6页Rural Science and Technology

摘　　要：小麦作为我国第二大粮食作物,其单产的稳定增长对于维护国家粮食安全具有至关重要的作用。氮、磷是小麦生长发育过程中不可或缺的营养元素,合理施用氮磷肥对于提高小麦产量和品质具有重要作用。探究不同氮磷配施下小麦产量及品质的变化,有助于小麦优质高效生产。研究选用“潍麦12”作为供试材料,采用不同氮磷配施比例,比较不同处理下小麦穗数、穗粒数、千粒质量、产量、蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、沉降值、出粉率、容重、籽粒硬度和淀粉含量等性状的差异。研究表明,在磷肥施用量一定的条件下,冬小麦的产量及产量构成要素会随着施氮量增加而呈现先增加后降低的趋势,小麦品质也因不同氮磷配施比例而呈现出差异。研究重点探讨了不同氮磷配施比例对冬小麦产量及品质的影响,通过科学规划施肥方案,促进小麦高效吸收养分,最终实现小麦高产目标,以期为发展中国冬小麦高产栽培技术提供理论依据。As the second largest grain crop in China,stable yield of wheat plays a vital role in maintaining national food security.Nitrogen and phosphorus are indispensable nutrients in wheat growth and development,and optimal application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers is crucial for improving wheat yield and quality.Exploring wheat yield and quality changes under moderate nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer reduction supports high-quality and efficient wheat production.This study used Weimai 12 variety as the test material,applied different nitrogen-phosphorus ratios,and compared traits such as spike number,grains per spike,1000-grain weight,yield,protein content,wet gluten content,sedimentation value,flour yield,bulkiness,grain hardness,and amylose content under different treatments.Results showed that,under fixed phosphorus application,winter wheat yield and yield components first increased then decreased with increasing nitrogen input.Seed quality also exhibited significant variations across nitrogen-phosphorus ratios.This study focuses on nitrogen-phosphorus ratio effects on wheat yield and quality,promoting nutrient absorption through scientific fertilization planning to achieve high-yield objectives,providing a theoretical basis for developing winter wheat high-yield cultivation technologies in China.

关 键 词：冬小麦 氮磷配施 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]