2021至2023年北京市昌平区3~6岁儿童体检状况变化趋势分析  

Health state trends of the children aged 3-6 in Changping District,Beijing,2021 to 2023

作　　者：张添卓 李秀梅[2] 孔琰 吴捷 叶晓琳 Zhang Tianzhuo;Li Xiumei;Kong Yan;Wu Jie;Ye Xiaolin(Department of Gastroenterology,Beijing Children's Hospital,Capital Medical University,National Center for Children's Health,Beijing 100045,China;Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Changping District,Beijing 102200,China)

机构地区：[1]国家儿童医学中心,首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院消化科,100045 [2]北京市昌平区妇幼保健院,102200

出　　处：《中国小儿急救医学》2025年第3期186-190,共5页Chinese Pediatric Emergency Medicine

基　　金：高层次公共卫生技术人才建设项目培养计划(学科带头人-02-04);北京市医院管理中心“登峰”人才培养计划(DFL20221003)。

摘　　要：目的分析北京市昌平区3~6岁儿童体检状况的变化趋势。方法回顾性收集2021至2023年于北京市昌平区妇幼保健院进行健康体检的180余家幼儿园3~6岁儿童的体检信息,比较不同年份、不同年龄儿童的营养不良、视力检查和龋齿情况。结果2021至2023年体检儿童分别为43098例、45985例和46132例,共计135215例;其中营养不足(低体重、生长迟缓、消瘦)601例(0.44%),营养过剩(超重和肥胖)13512例(9.99%)。3年超重率分别为7.19%、5.56%和5.28%,2021年超重率最高;肥胖率分别为4.41%、3.79%和3.85%,2021年肥胖率最高;差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对2021年不同年龄超重和肥胖儿童进行分析显示,3岁儿童超重率最高(8.33%,P<0.05),6岁儿童肥胖率最高(6.19%,P<0.05)。2021至2023年龋齿检出率分别为51.97%、39.14%和49.68%;龋齿矫治率分别为39.39%、43.09%和47.34%,逐年递增;差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2021至2023年4~6岁儿童视力低常检出率分别为4.93%、3.74%和3.71%;视力矫治率分别为68.71%、76.51%和86.27%,逐年增加;差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论北京市昌平区3~6岁儿童超重、肥胖、龋齿和视力低常问题仍较显著,未来需持续关注学龄前儿童的健康体检,进一步加强学龄前常见疾病的防控,保障儿童健康成长。Objective To analyze the nutritional development status and trends of preschool children aged 3-6 in Changping District,Beijing.Methods The physical examination informations of preschool children aged 3-6 from over 180 kindergartens who participated in physical examinations in Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Changping District from 2021 to 2023 were collected retrospectively.The malnutrition,vision examination and dental caries of children with different ages across these years were compared.Results A total of 135215 children underwent physical examinations from 2021 to 2023,with 43098 cases in 2021,45985 cases in 2022,and 46132 cases in 2023.Among them,there were 601 cases(0.44%)of malnutrition(including underweight,stunted growth,and wasting),and 13512 cases(9.99%)of excessive nutrition(including overweight and obesity).The prevalence rates of overweight were 7.19%,5.56%,and 5.28%for the years 2021,2022,and 2023,respectively,with the highest rate in 2021;the obesity rates were 4.41%,3.79%,and 3.85%for the same years,also with the highest rate in 2021.The differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The analysis of overweight and obese children of different ages in 2021 showed that the highest rate of overweight was in 3-year-olds(8.33%,P<0.05),and the highest rate of obesity was in 6-year-olds(6.19%,P<0.05).The detection rates of dental caries were 51.97%,39.14%,and 49.68%;the total caries treatment rates were 39.39%,43.09%,and 47.34%,showing an increasing trend,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).From 2021 to 2023,the detection rates of vision abnormalities among children aged 4 to 6 were 4.93%,3.74%,and 3.71%,respectively;the vision correction rates were 68.71%,76.51%,and 86.27%,showing an increasing trend over the years,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).Conclusion The issues of overweight/obesity,dental caries,and vision abnormalities remain significant among children aged 3-6 in Changping District,Beijing.There is a need for continued attention to the physica

关 键 词：学龄前儿童 体检 营养不良 龋齿 视力低常 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]