天然深共熔溶剂在生物质预处理中的应用  

Application of Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents in Biomass Pretreatment

作　　者：韩清清 陈思源 吴平 毕浩 虞育杰[1] 黄睿 Han Qingqing;Chen Siyuan;Wu Ping;Bi Hao;Yu Yujie;Huang Rui(College of Electrical Engineering,Guizhou University,Guiyang,550025)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学电气工程学院,贵阳550025

出　　处：《化学通报(中英文)》2025年第4期400-406,共7页Chemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52266006,52366008);贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合基础-ZK[2022]一般061,ZK[2022]一般139);贵州省教育厅青年科技人才成长项目(黔教技[2022]108号);贵州大学培育计划项目(贵大培育[2020]20号)资助。

摘　　要：深共熔溶剂(DES)作为传统溶剂和离子液体(ILs)的替代品,已广泛应用于化学加工过程。其中,由天然初级代谢物形成的DES被进一步定义为天然深共熔溶剂(NADES),其具有良好的生物相容性和环境友好性。本文重点探讨了NADES的核心物理化学特性,包括极性、黏度、密度和生物相容性,并详细分析了其在木质素和半纤维素去除、纤维素溶解及微藻预处理中的研究进展。NADES可以通过组分结构、混合比例的变化实现溶剂特性的定向调控,结合模拟计算和全生命周期评估法极大地提升了其在预处理过程中的效率、环境和经济效益。然而,NADES在生物质预处理过程中仍面临如下的挑战:NADES的组分来源有限、回收技术能耗大且操作复杂以及部分NADES在预处理生物质过程中的溶解性能不佳。未来的研究需进一步解决上述问题,以推动其在生物质预处理中的高效应用。Deep eutectic solvents(DES)have been widely applied in chemical processing as alternatives to traditional solvents and ionic liquids(ILs).Among them,DES composed of natural primary metabolites are further classified as natural deep eutectic solvents(NADES),which are characterized by excellent biocompatibility and environmental friendliness.This paper focuses on the core physicochemical properties of NADES,including polarity,viscosity,density,and biocompatibility,while providing a detailed analysis of their research progress in lignin and hemicellulose removal,cellulose dissolution,and microalgae pretreatment.NADES offer tunable solvent properties through variations in component structures and mixing ratios.When combined with computational simulations and life cycle assessment methods,NADES demonstrates significantly improved efficiency,environmental sustainability,and economic viability in pretreatment processes.However,challenges persist in the application of NADES to biomass pretreatment,including limited availability of components,high energy consumption and operational complexity in recovery processes,and suboptimal dissolution performance of certain NADES during biomass pretreatment.Future research should focus on addressing these challenges to facilitate the efficient and sustainable application of NADES in biomass pretreatment.

关 键 词：天然深共熔溶剂 生物质 预处理 

分 类 号：TK6[动力工程及工程热物理—生物能]