“原生语境”下羌族仪式音声的多重功能  

The Multiple Functions of Qiang Ritual Sounds in the “Original Context”

作　　者：李润 华明玲[1] LI Run;HUA Mingling(School of Literature and Art,Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang 621010,Sichuan)

机构地区：[1]西南科技大学文学与艺术学院,四川绵阳621010

出　　处：《西南科技大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2025年第2期53-62,共10页Journal of Southwest University of Science and Technology:Philosophy and Social Science Edition

基　　金：2019国家社科基金民族学西部项目:羌族仪式音声的民间信仰与民俗文化研究(19XMZ044)。

摘　　要：羌族仪式音声是羌族在仪式活动这一人类行为中所展示的文化创造、思想意识、历史脉络、民俗民风等音乐与声音的总和。“原生语境”下的仪式音声主要通过仪式主事者、神职人员“释比”、仪式参与者共同展示,是在特定仪式场域中、具有特殊功能意义的音声形态。历经5年,本文对川西北羌族村落的传统仪式进行了田野调查,包括祭祀、消灾、节日和人生仪式,记录了仪式过程和仪式音声,总结出羌族仪式音声的多重功能。离开“原生语境”的羌族仪式音声通过舞台展演、被采访等形式出现,较多注重传播和审美功能;而“原生语境”下的羌族仪式音声体现出历史“储存器”的强大力量,以此视角能更为准确地观察羌族社会发展中口传文化的特殊价值、民俗文化特征,以此解读羌族同胞通过仪式表达的从实用到精神层面的双重需求。Qiang ritual sounds are the sum of music and sounds that showcase the Qiang people's cultural creations,ideological awareness,historical context,folk customs,etc.in ritual activities,which are human behaviors.The ritual sounds in the “original context” are mainly presented by ritual organizers,clergy(“Shibi”),and ritual participants.They are forms of sounds with special functional significance within specific ritual settings.Over a five-year period,the research group conducted field investigations on traditional Qiang rituals in villages in northwestern Sichuan,including sacrificial ceremonies,disaster-relief rituals,festivals,and life-cycle rituals.The group recorded the ritual processes and ritual sounds and summarized the multiple functions of Qiang ritual sounds.Qiang ritual sounds outside the “original context” appear in forms such as stage performances and interviews,with a greater emphasis on dissemination and aesthetic functions.However,Qiang ritual sounds in the “original context” reflect the powerful force of being a historical “repository”.From this perspective,we can more accurately observe the special value of oral culture and the characteristics of folk culture in the social development of the Qiang people,and interpret the dual needs of the Qiang people,from practical to spiritual levels,expressed through rituals.

关 键 词：原生语境 羌族 仪式 音声 

分 类 号：J61[艺术—音乐] K89.2[历史地理—民俗学]