法国移民与边境治理法治化:规范塑造、实践省察与比较审思  

The Legalization of France's Immigration and Border Governance: Normative Landscape,Practical Reflection,and Comparative Analysis

作　　者：付琴雯 FU Qinwen(People's Public Security University of China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民公安大学法学院,北京100038

出　　处：《边界与海洋研究》2025年第2期40-60,共21页Journal of Boundary and Ocean Studies

基　　金：2024—2026年度中国侨联课题“国际移民数据政策及其对中国海外公民的权益影响与应对研究”的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：作为共和同化模式的民族国家代表,法国移民法治历经百年演进,逐渐形成以《外国人法典》为核心,兼顾国家安全、移民人权与社会融合的规范框架。近年来,受到全球经济衰退、欧洲右转风潮、多元文化主义冲击等影响,法国通过多部立法强化移民和边境管控。然而,当前法国移民法治体系构建过程中的挑战,在很大程度上亦是因为过度依赖立法规范密度而忽视政策综合协同,导致其移民执法效率低下,反移民话语叙事加剧。我国亦可从法国实践汲取一定启示:一方面,加强移民立法强度并非提升治理质效的唯一途径,需警惕“立法冗余”陷阱,通过顶层设计整合移民治理法律体系;另一方面,借鉴法国选择性移民等制度经验,推进我国高技能人才移民制度建设,谱写移民管理工作现代化新篇章。针对在法华侨华人面临的居留紧缩与融合难题,中法可通过双边磋商机制,将移民便利化措施纳入“一带一路”合作框架,避免移民治理“主权博弈”,实现“共赢发展”。As a representative of the republican model of integration,France's immigration law has evolved over a century to form a normative framework centered on the Le Code de l'entrée et du séjour desétrangers et du droit d'asile(CESEDA)that balances national security,immigrants'rights,and social integration.In recent years,influenced by the global economic downturn,the rise of the European right-wing movement,and the challenges posed by multiculturalism,France has strengthened immigration and border control through multiple legislative measures.However,the challenges currently faced in the construction of France's immigration legal system are largely due to an over-reliance on the density of legislative norms while neglecting policy coordination,resulting in low immigration enforcement efficiency and the intensification of anti-immigration discourse.China can draw some lessons from France's experience:on the one hand,strengthening immigration legislation is not the only way to improve governance quality and efficiency;we must be wary of the trap of“legislative redundancy”and integrate the immigration governance legal system through top-level design.On the other hand,we can draw on France's experience with selective immigration and other systems to advance the construction of a high-skilled talent immigration system in China and write a new chapter in the modernization of immigration management.To address the challenges faced by Chinese nationals in France regarding residency restrictions and integration,China and France can utilize bilateral consultation mechanisms to incorporate immigration facilitation measures into the“Belt and Road”cooperation framework,avoiding“sovereignty games”in immigration governance and achieving“win-win development.”

关 键 词：法国 移民管理 边境管控 法治化 全球移民治理 

分 类 号：D523[政治法律—政治学]