安全例外条款在数据跨境流动场景中的解释方法论  

The Interpretation Methodology of Security Exception Clauses in The Cross-Border Data Flow

作　　者：张晓通[1,2] 夏韵添 ZHANG Xiaotong;XIA Yuntian(KIMEP University;Georgetown University)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学经济外交研究中心学术委员会 [2]哈萨克斯坦KIMEP大学政治学与国际关系学系,哈萨克斯坦阿拉木图050010 [3]乔治城大学法学院国际法学,美国哥伦比亚特区20001

出　　处：《边界与海洋研究》2025年第2期78-104,共27页Journal of Boundary and Ocean Studies

摘　　要：安全例外条款在世界经贸规则中一直承担着保障国家安全优先于贸易价值与防止“安全”被泛化滥用的双重功能。在数据跨境流动场景下,安全例外条款因其解释的困难而遭到各国广泛滥用,使我国企业承受了诸多不合理的数据制裁,国家海外利益与全球贸易体系倍受挑战。扎根总体国家安全观理论,考量国际关系的演化、技术的发展与数据跨境流动场景中条款的因应变化,融入国际法教义学理论框架,能为安全例外条款探析出更符合安全新格局与数据新特征的善意解释、严格解释、实证解释与演化解释方法。场景下刚柔并举的新解释方法论能为数据出海企业权利保护、国际数据流动规则制定与外部安全形塑提供理论供给。Security exceptions have long served a dual function in global economic and trade rules:prioritizing national security over trade values while preventing the overextension and misuse of“security”claims.However,in the context of cross-border data flows,the ambiguity in interpreting security exception clauses has led to their widespread abuse by nations,subjecting Chinese enterprises to unjustified data sanctions and challenging both national overseas interests and the global trade system.Grounded in the holistic approach to national security theory,this study examines the evolution of international relations,technological advancements,and the adaptive dynamics of security exception clauses in cross-border data scenarios.By integrating doctrinal frameworks of international law,it proposes an interpretation methodology for security exception clauses that better aligns with the emerging security landscape and novel characteristics of data.This methodology encompasses good faith interpretation,strict interpretation,empirical interpretation,and rigorous interpretation.The new interpretive framework provides theoretical insights for protecting the rights of data-driven enterprises operating globally,shaping international data governance rules,and addressing external security challenges.

关 键 词：安全例外条款 国家安全 RCEP 数据跨境流动 国际争议解决 

分 类 号：D996.1[政治法律—经济法学]