我国玉米高产新纪录创建与高产新途径探索——以西藏林芝为例  

The Establishment of the National High-Yield Maize Record and the Exploration of New Ways of High-Yield in China——A Case Study of Nyingchi,Xizang

作　　者：王恩赐 胡单[2] 张等龙 张龙 宋利[1] 纪华香 郭晓霞 杨云山 刘广周 刘万茂[1,3] 侯鹏 WANG En-ci;HU Dan;ZHANG Deng-long;ZHANG Long;SONG Li;JI Hua-xiang;GUO Xiao-xia;YANG Yun-shan;LIU Guang-zhou;LIU Wan-mao;HOU Peng(Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081;Xizang Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University,Nyingchi 860000;Ningxia University,College of Agriculture,Yinchuan 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所,北京100081 [2]西藏农牧学院,西藏林芝860000 [3]宁夏大学农学院,银川750021

出　　处：《玉米科学》2025年第4期75-80,共6页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题“作物增产反馈土壤培育的栽培调控原理与技术”(2023YFD1900603);中国农业科学院重大科技任务“粮水布局协同优化与节水增粮技术集成示范”(CAAS-ZDRW202418);中国农业科学院基本科研业务费专项(CAAS-ZDRW202418)。

摘　　要：2024年中国农业科学院作物科学研究所与西藏农牧学院在西藏林芝(海拔2942 m)共同建设的玉米高产田创造25092.9 kg/hm~2的玉米产量,再次刷新我国玉米高产纪录。高产创建主要采用“适度密植、提高双穗”“水肥一体、精准调控”等栽培技术,共计10个高产地块,涵盖不同品种与密度组合。通过分析获得高产地块的群体关键指标,品种先玉1483,播种密度75000株/hm~2,收获穗数135192穗/hm~2,单株粒数(穗粒数)929粒,千粒重387 g,单穗粒重170 g,双穗率0.86,收获指数0.60。总结高产纪录玉米田生产过程的主要管理环节和高产群体的主要指标,为玉米高产创建提供新的探索途径。The new Chinese maize yield record in 2024 was broken again with a yield of 25092.9 kg/ha in the high-yield maize field jointly built by Institute of Crop Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Xizang Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University in Nyingchi of Xizang(altitude 2942 m).This high-yield creation mainly adopted the cultivation technologies of“moderate density,high double ears”and“integration of wa⁃ter and fertilizer,and precise regulation”.In this study,there were 10 high-yield plots that included different combi⁃nations of cultivars and densities.And it was mainly focused on analyzing the population key indicators of the field with the highest grain yield.The cultivar was Xianyu1483,the sowing density was 75000 plants/ha,the harvested ears number was 135192 ears/ha,the grain number per plant was 929,the 1000-kernel weight was 387 g,the grain weight per ear was 170 g,the double ear rate was 0.86,and the harvest index was 0.6.The main management links of the high yield record field production process and population indicators were summarized in this paper.These re⁃sults provided a new way to explore high yield of maize.

关 键 词：玉米 高产纪录 双穗率 收获指数 

分 类 号：S513.047[农业科学—作物学]