“改变世界”何以可能与如何有效——《德意志意识形态》中的未来社会论证逻辑探究  

How Is Possible to“Changing the World”and How to Be Effective:Exploring the Logic of Future Social Argumentation in“German Ideology”

作　　者：许恒兵 XU Hengbing(Department of Marxist Theory,Political Academy of China People’s Liberation Army National Defence Uni‐versity,Shanghai 201602)

机构地区：[1]国防大学政治学院马克思主义理论系,上海201602

出　　处：《长白学刊》2025年第3期28-39,共12页Changbai Journal

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“马克思的未来社会构想及论证逻辑变迁研究”(20BZX023)。

摘　　要：《德意志意识形态》的突出贡献在于,马克思通过阐明生产实践对于社会现实的塑造性作用,证明了世界是可以改变的,并由此实现了对未来社会主体行动逻辑的重塑。主体行动只有在认识变革对象运行规律的基础上才能取得实际成效。为此,马克思开启了探寻“真正的实证科学”的研究之路,并遵循对社会结构和制度的研究一定要关联于生产领域的基本原则,实现了对人类历史普遍运行规律的揭示。以此为前提,马克思从分工视角出发对资本主义社会展开客观描述,并基于生产力和交往关系的矛盾运动引出无产阶级革命,从而首次开启对未来社会的客观结构逻辑论证。《德意志意识形态》并没有完成对资本主义社会的生理学解剖,从而其对未来社会的客观结构逻辑论证远未达至科学的高度,但它却指明了此后的努力方向,因而在马克思思想演进历程中发挥着转折性作用。深刻认识《德意志意识形态》所开启的未来社会论证的完整理论图景,对于我们始终坚持在弘扬历史主动精神和深化客观规律认识的辩证统一中推进中国式现代化,具有十分积极的意义。The outstanding contribution of“German Ideology”lies in Marx proved that the world can be changed by elucidating the shaping effect of production practice on social reality,and thus realized the reshap‐ing of the action logic of social subjects in the future.The actions of the subject can only achieve practical re‐sults on the basis of understanding the operating laws of the change object.For the reason,Marx opened the way to explore the research of“real empirical science”,and followed the basic principle that the study of social structure and system must be related to the field of production,and realized the revelation of the general opera‐tion law of human history.On this premise,Marx objectively described the bourgeois society from the perspec‐tive of division of labour,and led to the proletarian revolution based on the contradictory movement of produc‐tive forces and communication relations,thus opening up the objective structural logic demonstration of the fu‐ture society for the first time.“German Ideology”did not complete the physiological anatomy of bourgeois so‐ciety,so that its objective structural logic demonstration of the future society was far from reaching a scientific height,but it pointed out the direction of efforts since then,thus playing a turning role in the evolution of Marx’s thought.A profound understanding of“German Ideology”opens up a complete theoretical picture of the fu‐ture social argumentation,which is of great positive significance for us to always adhere to the dialectical unity of carrying forward the historical initiative and deepening the understanding of objective laws to promote Chi‐nese path to modernization.

关 键 词：《德意志意识形态》 未来社会 主体行动逻辑 客观结构逻辑 

分 类 号：D0-0[政治法律—政治学] B0-0[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]