困顿与突围:高校教师职业倦怠的潜在类别及干预策略  

Exhaustion and Breakthrough:Latent Profiles and Intervention Strategies for Occupation Burnout Among University Teachers in China

作　　者：张迅 郭建鹏 王易 邵征锋 ZHANG Xun;GUO Jianpeng;WANG Yi;SHAO Zhengfeng(Xiamen University,Xiamen 361005)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学教育研究院,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《中国高教研究》2025年第4期89-95,108,共8页China Higher Education Research

摘　　要：基于全国高校教师调查数据,采用潜在剖面分析首次系统考察我国高校教师职业倦怠的类型、特征及预测因素。结果发现,我国高校教师职业倦怠可以分为低倦怠型(62.1%)、相对高倦怠型(27.1%)、低成就感型(5.8%)和精疲力竭型(5.0%)。其中,低倦怠型工作表现最好,低成就感型次之,精疲力竭型和相对高倦怠型表现较差。组织情感支持、组织工具支持、科研压力、教学压力和教研平衡压力能够显著预测不同高校教师职业倦怠类型。基于此,高校应当针对不同倦怠类型教师提供适切的组织支持;改革教师评价制度,提升教学工作的成就感与获得感;完善岗位分类管理制度,缓解教师教研平衡压力。Based on a survey of university teachers from undergraduate universities across the nation,this study adopts latent profile analysis to investigate the typological characteristics,work performance,and intervention strategies related to job burnout among university teachers in China.The results reveal four latent types of job burnout:low burnout(62.1%),relatively high burnout(27.1%),low sense of achievement(5.8%),and exhaustion(5.0%).Among these,teachers with low burnout demonstrate the best work performance,followed by those with a low sense of achievement,while those categorized as exhausted and relatively high burnout exhibit poorer performance.Organizational emotional support,organizational instrumental support,research pressure,teaching pressure,and the pressure of balancing teaching and research significantly predict different types of teacher burnout.Universities should provide tailored organizational support for teachers of various burnout types,reform teacher evaluation systems to enhance the sense of achievement in teaching,and improve the classification management system to alleviate the pressure of balancing teaching and research.

关 键 词：高校教师 职业倦怠 个体中心 潜在剖面分析 

分 类 号：G645[文化科学—高等教育学]