单细胞组学技术在植物生殖研究中的应用  

Application of single-cell omics techniques in plant reproductive research

作　　者：普晨曦 任育昕 赵毓 周志鹏[1] PU Chenxi;REN Yuxin;ZHAO Yu;ZHOU Zhipeng(College of Life Science and Technology,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Hubei Hongshan Laboratory,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学生命科学技术学院,武汉430070 [2]华中农业大学作物遗传改良国家重点实验室,武汉430070 [3]湖北洪山实验室,武汉430070

出　　处：《生命的化学》2025年第4期579-589,共11页Chemistry of Life

基　　金：国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202410504024);国家自然科学基金项目(32470359,32270098);华中农业大学教学改革研究项目(2024028)。

摘　　要：生殖是生物传递遗传信息的重要方式。解析植物生殖机制不仅对于理解植物个体繁衍和种群延续、遗传信息传递、细胞分化与发育等具有重要意义,还为农业生产、作物改良等提供了重要的科学依据和实践指导。高等植物生殖细胞由于结构特殊、获取困难且数量少等原因,不利于精细研究。近年来发展起来的单细胞组学技术是在单个细胞水平上进行基因组、转录组和表观组等多层次测序分析,可以为理解植物发育过程中配子发育不同阶段的细胞异质性、细胞间、细胞与微环境间的相互作用等基本生物学问题提供更加精确、全面的方法。随着测序准确性和分辨率的不断提高,这些技术必将为植物配子发育和精卵结合等关键问题的解析提供新途径和新思路。本文综述了单细胞组学技术在植物生殖研究中的应用与进展及其对推动植物生殖发育、作物遗传改良和种质创新的意义,并探讨了未来研究面临的挑战。Reproduction is a vital process through which organisms transmit genetic information.Understanding plant reproductive mechanisms is essential not only for elucidating individual propagation,population sustainability,genetic inheritance,cellular differentiation and development but also for providing critical scientific insights and practical guidance for agricultural production and crop improvement.However,the unique structural features,isolation challenges,and limited availability of reproductive cells in higher plants have long hindered in-depth studies.Recent advancements in single-cell omics technologies,which enable multi-dimensional sequencing analyses of the genome,transcriptome,and epigenome at the single-cell level,have provided a more precise and comprehensive approach to investigate fundamental biological questions.These technologies facilitate the exploration of cellular heterogeneity during different stages of gametogenesis and the interactions between cells and their microenvironment during plant development.As sequencing accuracy and resolution continue to improve,single-cell omics offer new perspectives and opportunities for unraveling key questions related to gamete development and fertilization.This review summarizes the applications and recent progress of single-cell omics technologies in plant reproductive research,and highlights their significance for advancing plant reproductive biology,crop genetic improvement,and germplasm innovation,discusses future research challenges.

关 键 词：植物 有性生殖 单细胞技术 高通量测序 多组学 

分 类 号：Q943[生物学—植物学]