基于时间反演技术的钢塔筒法兰节点螺栓松动监测研究  

Research on bolt looseness monitoring of steel tower flange joint based on time inversion technology

作　　者：闫尊昊 徐菁[1] 张端 任师训 YAN Zunhao;XU Jing;ZHANG Duan;REN Shixun(School of Civil Engineering,Qingdao University of Technology,Qingdao 266525,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛理工大学土木工程学院,青岛266525

出　　处：《青岛理工大学学报》2025年第2期25-31,39,共8页Journal of Qingdao University of Technology

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金(ZR2021ME033;ZR2021ME239)。

摘　　要：随着我国风电装机容量的连年提高,风电规模常年位居世界第一,对风电支撑塔架的健康运营提出了更高的要求。针对钢塔筒法兰节点内部的连接螺栓具有隐蔽性且松动微小不易察觉等问题,提出了基于时间反演技术的钢塔筒法兰节点螺栓松动监测方法。通过理论推导建立应力波聚焦信号峰值与法兰节点螺栓预紧力之间的相关关系,为所提方法提供理论依据;设计并制作一个缩尺风电钢塔筒法兰节点模型,通过对法兰节点处螺栓施加不同的扭矩以模拟螺栓不同的松动状态。在高斯脉冲信号的激励下,将一个压电陶瓷传感器(Lead Zirconate Titanate Piezoelectric Ceramics,简称PZT)粘贴于螺栓帽,作为驱动器产生应力波,将另一个PZT片粘贴于法兰板,作为传感器接收应力波,以应力波聚焦信号峰值作为螺栓松动监测指标,根据监测指标变化实现对节点内部螺栓的监测。为了验证方法的可重复性,随机选取3根螺栓进行步骤一致的重复性试验;为了进一步验证方法的抗噪性,通过金属棒摩擦钢塔筒模拟监测噪声,进行抗噪性试验。模型试验结果表明,所提方法具有良好的有效性、可重复性和抗噪性,以期为风电支撑塔架结构的钢塔筒法兰节点健康监测研究提供一种新思路。With the continuous increase of the installed capacity of wind power,China’s scale of wind power ranks first in the world all year round,which puts forward higher requirements for the healthy operation of wind power support tower.Aiming at the problems that the connecting bolts inside the steel tower flange joints are invisible and the looseness is small and difficult to detect,a monitoring method of bolt looseness of steel tower flange joints based on time inversion technology is proposed.The correlation between the peak value of stress wave focusing signal and the bolt preload of flange joint is established by theoretical derivation,which provides a theoretical basis for the proposed method.A scaled flange joint model of wind turbine steel tower is designed and fabricated.Different torques are applied to the bolts at the flange joints to simulate different loosening states of the bolts.Under the excitation of Gaussian pulse signal,a lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramics(PZT)is pasted on the bolt cap as a driver to generate stress waves,and another PZT sheet is pasted on the flange plate as a sensor to receive stress wave.The peak value of stress wave focusing signal is used as the bolt loosening monitoring index,and the bolt inside the joint is monitored according to the change of monitoring index.In order to verify the repeatability of the method,three bolts are randomly selected for the repeatability test with the same steps.In order to further verify the anti-noise performance of the method,a metal rod is used to rub against the steel tower to simulate and monitor the impact of noise,and the anti-noise test is carried out.The model test results show that the proposed method has good effectiveness,repeatability and noise resistance,so as to provide a new idea for the health monitoring of steel tower flange joints of wind power support tower structure.

关 键 词：健康监测 螺栓松动监测 时间反演技术 钢塔筒法兰节点 压电陶瓷片 

分 类 号：TU317.1[建筑科学—结构工程]