哈茨木霉与三唑类药剂防控山药炭疽病及增产效果研究  

Study on the control of yam anthracnose by Trichoderma harzianum Rifai and triazole pesticides and their effects on yam yield

作　　者：黄哲鸿 陈仕朋 李清 詹梦琳 陈姝樽 邓才生 叶榕弟 华树妹 Huang Zhehong;Chen Shipeng;Li Qing;Zhan Menglin;Chen Shuzun;Deng Caisheng;Ye Rongdi;Hua Shumei(Sanming Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Innovation Utilization in Mountainous Areas,Sanming,Fujian 365509,China;Department of Horticulture,Taiwan Chiayi University,Jiayi,Taiwan 600355,China)

机构地区：[1]三明市农业科学研究院/福建省(山区)作物遗传改良与创新利用重点实验室,福建三明365509 [2]台湾嘉义大学园艺学系,中国台湾嘉义600355

出　　处：《东南园艺》2025年第1期70-75,共6页Southeast Horticulture

基　　金：福建省星火项目(2022S0021)。

摘　　要：【目的】测定山药生长前期采用哈茨木霉控制山药炭疽病的田间防治效果,并探究三唑类药剂在山药中后期采用兼治炭疽病及山药徒长的可行性,为山药高产管理提供参考。【方法】选取‘明淮7号’山药作为试验材料,通过施用不同浓度哈茨木霉的单因素处理,以及施用不同种类三唑类药剂,测定山药的病情指数、地上部生物量、地下部产量。【结果】哈茨木霉浓度筛选试验中,喷施浓度为500mg/L时,山药炭疽病病情指数为6.68,防治效果达到75.42%,667m^(2)山药的产量为1988.78kg,与对照相比差异显著。5种三唑类药剂均对山药炭疽病有防治效果,最适合的药剂为40%苯醚甲环唑,防治效果达53.70%,山药的地上部与地下部的比值(T/R值)为0.30,667m^(2)的山药产量达到2154.24kg,相比对照增产19.53%,能够有效防止山药在生长中后期出现徒长现象。【结论】在山药前期施用哈茨木霉能有效防治山药炭疽病,山药生长中期喷施40%苯醚甲环唑能防止山药徒长,两种措施均有利于提高山药产量。【Objective】To determine the field control effect of Trichoderma harzianum Rifai against yam anthracnose in the early stage of yam growth,and to explore the feasibility of using triazole pesticides to simultaneously treat anthracnose and yam overgrowth in the middle and late stages of yam growth,providing references for high-yield management of yam.【Method】Selecting‘Minghuai 7’yam as the experimental material,the disease index,aboveground biomass,and underground yield of yam were determined by single factor treatment with different concentrations of Trichoderma harzianum Rifai and application of different types of triazole pesticides.【Result】In the concentration screening experiment of Trichoderma harzianum Rifai,when spraying concentration was 500 mg/L,the disease index of yam anthracnose was 6.68,and the control efficiency reached 75.42%.The yield of yam per 667 m^(2) was 1988.78 kg,which was significantly different from the control.Five types of triazole pesticides all have control efficacy on anthracnose in yam.The most suitable pesticide was 40% difenoconazole,with control efficacy of 53.70%.The ratio of aboveground to underground parts(T/R value)of yam was 0.30 and the yield of yam reaches 2154.24 kg per 667 m^(2),an increase of 19.53% compared to the control group.It could effectively prevent excessive growth of yam in the middle and later stages of growth.【Conclusion】Applying Trichoderma harzianum Rifai in the early stage of yam can effectively prevent and control yam anthracnose,and spraying 40% difenoconazole in the middle stage of yam growth can prevent yam overgrowth.Both measures are beneficial for increasing yam yield.

关 键 词：山药 炭疽病 绿色防控 哈茨木霉 苯醚甲环唑 ‘明淮7号’ 

分 类 号：S632.1[农业科学—蔬菜学]