水分管理下虾壳粉还田对土壤和水稻中镉累积的影响  

Effects of crayfish shell powder returning to paddy field under water management on cadmium accumulation in soil and rice

作　　者：江慧芳 马莉 杜林森 李奎 肖智华[1] 王华[1] JIANG Huifang;MA Li;DU Linsen;LI Kui;XIAO Zhihua;WANG Hua(College of Environment and Ecology,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha,Hunan 410128,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学环境与生态学院,湖南长沙410128

出　　处：《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第2期51-59,共9页Journal of Hunan Agricultural University(Natural Sciences)

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1700103);湖南省水利厅项目(XSKJ2022068-32);湖南省自然科学基金项目(2023JJ30308);长沙市自然科学基金项目(kq2208078)。

摘　　要：在干湿交替(FD)和全程淹水(FL)两种水分管理方式下,添加0g(CKFD/CKFL)、20g(FD20/FL20)、40g(FD40/FL40)、60 g(FD60/FL60)虾壳粉处理,开展水稻盆栽试验,探究小龙虾虾壳粉对稻田土壤和水稻镉(Cd)累积的影响。结果表明:在两种水分管理方式下,添加虾壳粉均可以提高土壤pH,且随着添加量的增加而提高;与CKFD相比,在水稻成熟期,FD下添加虾壳粉处理的铁锰氧化物结合态Cd和无定形氧化态Mn占比均减小,从而增加了DTPA–Cd质量分数,导致进入水稻根、茎、叶及稻米的Cd质量分数增加(FD60的稻米除外),其中,FD20和FD40处理显著提高了稻米中的Cd质量分数,分别增加了38.53%和40.70%,且FD下的稻米Cd质量分数均超过国家安全标准限值(0.2mg/kg);与FD相比,在水稻成熟期,同一虾壳粉添加量下,FL下添加虾壳粉处理的土壤pH升高,氧化还原电位(Eh)和氧化还原特征参数(pe+pH)下降,并提高了铁锰氧化物结合态Cd、无定形氧化态Fe和无定形氧化态Mn的占比,显著降低了土壤DTPA–Cd质量分数;与CKFL相比,FL下添加虾壳粉处理的水稻根、茎、叶及稻米中Cd质量分数减小,且稻米Cd质量分数均低于国家安全标准限值,以FL60处理最佳。The rice pot experiments were designed under two water management methods,alternation of flooding and dry(FD)and full flooding(FL)with adding 0 g(CKFD/CKFL),20 g(FD20/FL20),40 g(FD40/FL40),60 g(FD60/FL60)crayfish shell powder,to investigate the effects of crayfish shells on cadmium(Cd)accumulation in paddy soil and rice.The results showed that adding crayfish shell powder could increase soil pH under both kinds of water management over the adding amount.Compared with CKFD,the proportion of iron-manganese oxide bound Cd and amorphous Mn oxide decreased after addition of crayfish shell with FD water management for rice at mature stage,thereby increasing DTPA-Cd mass fraction and resulting in increased Cd mass fraction in rice roots,stems,leaves and rice(except FD60 rice).Among them,FD20 and FD40 treatments significantly increased the Cd mass fraction in rice by 38.53%and 40.70%,respectively.The Cd mass fraction of rice under FD water management exceeded the national safety standard(0.2 mg/kg).Compared with FD water management,during the rice ripening period,with the same amount of crayfish shell powder added,FL treatment with crayfish shell powder increased soil pH value,decreased Eh value and pe+pH value,which led to an increase in the proportion of iron-manganese oxide bound Cd,amorphous Fe oxide and amorphous Mn oxide,significantly reduced soil DTPA-Cd mass fraction.Compared with CKFL,with crayfish shell treatment the mass fraction of Cd in the roots,stems,leaves and rice decreased,and the mass fraction of Cd in rice were lower than the national safety standard,and FL60 was the optimal condition.

关 键 词：水稻 虾壳粉 土壤 镉 干湿交替 全程淹水 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程] S156.2[农业科学—土壤学]