厘米波段兆瓦级回旋行波管电子枪设计与计算  

Design and Calculation of an Electron Gun for Centimeter-band Megawatt-level Gyrotron TWTs

作　　者：韩宇 曾旭[1] 张亦驰 冯进军[1] HAN Yu;ZENG Xu;ZHANG Yichi;FENG Jinjun(National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Vacuum Electronics,The 12th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation,Beijing 100015,China)

机构地区：[1]中国电子科技集团公司第十二研究所微波电真空器件国家级重点实验室,北京100015

出　　处：《微波学报》2025年第2期86-92,共7页Journal of Microwaves

摘　　要：近年来,兆瓦级回旋行波管磁控注入电子枪因其高功率输出和精确电子束控制需求受到广泛关注,但阴极发射不均匀及表面粗糙度引起的电子束速度零散仍是亟待解决的问题。为此,文中提出了一种基于双阳极结构的电子枪设计方法,首先利用CST软件进行三维粒子仿真以优化电子束参数;其次从麦克斯韦-玻尔兹曼分布出发推导考虑表面粗糙度影响下的速度零散表达式,并构建约1 000个区域的阴极阵列发射模型并引入高斯噪声模拟表面粗糙度。实验结果表明:在120 kV/30 A的工况下,该方法实现了横纵速度比1.1、导引中心半径7.1 mm以及速度零散4.9%,且1μm表面粗糙度使速度零散增加约3%。In recent years,the megawatt-level magnetron injection gun for traveling-wave tubes has attracted extensive atten-tion due to its high-power output and precise electron beam control,yet challenges such as non-uniform cathode emission and ve-locity spread induced by surface roughness remain to be solved.To address these issues,this paper proposes an electron gun de-sign method based on a dual-anode structure,which first optimizes electron beam parameters using 3D particle simulation via CST and then derives an expression for velocity spread considering surface roughness based on the Maxwell-boltzmann distribution;we further construct a cathode array emission model comprising approximately 10o0 regions with Gaussian noise to simulate surface roughness,and experimental results show that under a 120 kV/30 A operating condition,the method achieves a transverse-to-lon-gitudinal velocity ratio of 1.1,a guiding center radius of 7.1 mm,and a velocity spread of 4.9%,with a 1μm surface roughness increasing the velocity spread by about 3%.

关 键 词：回旋管 电子光学系统 阴极发射 速度零散 

分 类 号：TN12[电子电信—物理电子学]