特朗普政府人工智能基础设施政策探析  

An Analysis of the Trump Administration's Policies on AI Infrastructure

作　　者：马赟菲 毛维准 Ma Yunfei;Mao Weizhun

机构地区：[1]南京大学国际关系学院 [2]南京大学亚太发展研究中心

出　　处：《现代国际关系》2025年第4期5-24,138,共21页

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“美国‘重建美好世界’倡议对共建‘一带一路’的影响研究”(项目批准号:22AGJ012)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：人工智能(AI)已经成为大国战略竞争的关键领域。2025年1月,特朗普政府将“人工智能基础设施”视为重塑美国全球技术领导权与地缘政治优势的战略工具,推出“星际之门”项目,计划大举建设AI基础设施。特朗普的人工智能基础设施政策呈现出紧密的“政府主导—科技资本”联系、宽松的技术监管限制、强烈的安全优先导向和政绩追求色彩等特征;其政策目标是对内实现经济增长与就业创造,服务“美国复兴”的政治目标,对外赢得全球人工智能竞争,确保美国的全球技术领导地位。然而,产业路径依赖、能源供给瓶颈和伦理风险外溢等问题制约着美国AI基础设施政策落实。在“技术民族主义”导向下,美国将继续把中国视为战略竞争者。Artificial intelligence AI has emerged as a critical issue in major country competition.Recognizing the potential of artificial intelligence as a strategic asset to redefine the United States'global technological leadership and geopolitical influence,the Trump administration announced the Stargate project in January 2025.Trump's AI infrastructure policy is characterized by government-led connections to technology capital,technical regulatory constraints,security priorities,and the pursuit of political outcomes.His policy goals are to achieve economic growth and job creation,win the global AI competition,and ensure US global technological leadership.However,the policy implementation of AI infrastructure faces a few challenges such as industrial path dependency,energy supply constraints,and ethical risks of AI.Guided by techno-nationalism,the US would continue to regard China as its primary strategic competitor.

关 键 词：美国 人工智能基础设施 大国竞争 技术民族主义 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]