美国精英对中拉关系的认知及其影响  

American Elites'Perception of China-Latin America Relations and Its Influence

作　　者：严谨[1,2] 邵静怡 Yan Jin;Shao Jingyi

机构地区：[1]中国现代国际关系研究院拉美所 [2]中国现代国际关系研究院南南合作研究中心

出　　处：《现代国际关系》2025年第4期87-102,139,140,共18页

摘　　要：近几年来,美国学术和战略研究圈对中国与拉丁美洲关系的关注度持续升高,逐步形成对中拉关系及中国在拉美角色的若干基本共识,进而上升为美国决策者对华认知的重要组成部分。基于美国精英的相关认知,自特朗普第一任期以来,美国政府政策就此作出反应,明确将中国定位为在拉美最大竞争对手,进而围绕巩固美拉关系、遏制中拉合作两条主线进行调整和布局。美国对中拉关系的政策反应在中拉关系、美拉关系、中美关系层面产生了深远影响。随着美国日益重视拉美的战略价值并将对拉美战略的重心转向对华竞争,中拉关系发展或将面临更大的外部干扰和不确定性,拉美作为中间地带有可能成为美国对华竞争加剧的重要场域。其中暴露出的问题日益显现,美国在对拉美关系中一直存有“门罗主义”的执念,拉美国家对外交往与合作多元化的自主权长期受到掣肘,中拉关系不时遭遇有色眼镜式甚至妖魔化的评断和对待。面对新的形势,中国与拉美需要不断更新合作模式,同时处理好与美国的关系,推进中美拉三方之间的良性互动。Over the past several years,academic and strategic research circles in the United States have increasingly focused on the relationship between China and Latin America.These circles have formed a basic consensus on China–Latin America relations and China's role in Latin America,which has become an important part of the perception of China by American decision-makers.According to the perception of American elites,since Trump's first term,the US government has strategically positioned China as the primary competitor in Latin America,thereby consolidating US–Latin American relations and impeding China–Latin American cooperation.As the United States places more importance on the strategic value of Latin America and adjusts its Latin American strategy to focus more on competition with China,the development of China–Latin America relations may face greater interference and uncertainty.In this context,Latin America could emerge as a pivotal region for the intensified competition between the United States and China.The United States has always been obsessed with the“Monroe Doctrine”in its relations with Latin America.The autonomy of Latin American countries in diversifying their foreign exchanges and cooperation has long been constrained,and China–Latin America relations have been subjected to biased or even demonized judgments from time to time.Faced with the new situation,China and Latin America need to update their cooperation model while handling their relationship with the United States.

关 键 词：中拉关系 美国精英 战略认知 新门罗主义 

分 类 号：D822.3[政治法律—政治学]