家庭-社区支持情况对老年人养老方式选择的影响  

The influence of family and community support on the choice of ways for old-age care

作　　者：李梓君 李旻晖 LI Zijun;LI Minhui(School of Public Health and Management,Jiangsu Medical College,Yancheng,Jiangsu 224005,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]江苏医药职业学院公共卫生与管理学院,江苏盐城224005 [2]盐城市妇幼保健院

出　　处：《中国农村卫生事业管理》2025年第3期214-220,共7页Chinese Rural Health Service Administration

基　　金：盐城市社会科学基金项目(24skB158)。

摘　　要：目的从家庭支持和社区支持角度分析老年人养老方式选择的影响因素,借助家庭和社区现有资源,实现资源利用效率最大化,满足老年人养老需求,实现积极老龄化。方法采用分层整群随机抽样的方法对Y市60岁及以上常住居民进行入户调查;采用卡方检验与三分类logistic回归模型分析数据。结果与家庭养老相比,子女帮忙买菜做饭的老年人倾向于选择社区养老(OR=0.18,95%CI=1.05~2.03),家人能够承担长期照顾(OR=0.34,95%CI=0.20~0.56),经常(OR=0.33,95%CI=0.12~0.92)和有时感到孤独(OR=0.50,95%CI=0.30~0.84)的老年人不倾向于选择社区养老;社区里提供送餐或买菜服务(OR=3.57,95%CI=1.64~7.81),社区内设有养老院(OR=3.03,95%CI=1.94~4.74),社区举办棋牌、广场舞比赛(OR=2.19,95%CI=1.4~3.42)的老年人倾向选择社区养老;社区里有举办兴趣班、培训班(OR=0.32,95%CI=0.18~0.57),朋友或邻居给予帮助(OR=0.10,95%CI=0.07~0.15)的老年人不倾向于选择社区养老;社区内配有社区医院(OR=0.38,95%CI=0.2~0.74),社区内举办棋牌、广场舞比赛(OR=0.47,95%CI=0.22~0.99)的老年人不倾向于选择机构养老。结论老年人选择家庭养老的占多数(77.0%);家庭-社区支持情况从多方面影响老年人养老方式的选择,借助家庭和社区现有资源,可完善现有养老模式,从而满足老年人在熟悉生活环境养老的养老需求。Objective To analyze the influencing factors of the choice of ways for old-age care from the perspective of family support and community support,and to maximize the efficiency of resource utilization with the help of the existing family and community resources,so as to meet the needs of the elderly for old-age care and to realize active aging.Methods Stratified cluster random sampling was carried out for a household survey of permanent residents aged 60 years old or above.Chi-square test and three-way classification logistic regression model were adopted for data analysis.Results Compared with family old-age care,the elderly who receive help from their children in buying groceries and cooking tend to choose community care(OR=0.18,95%CI=1.05~2.03).The elderly who have family members capable of providing long-term care(OR=0.34,95%CI=0.20~0.56),often(OR=0.33,95%CI=0.12~0.92)and sometimes feel lonely(OR=0.50,95%CI=0.30~0.84)do not tend to choose community care;the elderly who have meal delivery or grocery shopping services provided in the community(OR=3.57,95%CI=1.64~7.81),community nursing homes(OR=3.03,95%CI=1.94~4.74),and community events such as chess and square dance competitions(OR=2.19,95%CI=1.4~3.42)tend to choose community care;the elderly who have interest classes and training classes held in the community(OR=0.32,95%CI=0.18~0.57),friends or neighbors who provide help(OR=0.10,95%CI=0.07~0.15)do not tend to choose community care;the elderly who have community hospitals(OR=0.38,95%CI=0.2~0.74),and community events such as chess and square dance competitions(OR=0.47,95%CI=0.22~0.99)do not tend to choose institutional care.Conclusions A majority of the elderly(77.0%)choose family old-age care.Family and community support affects the choice of ways for old-age care among the elderly.Existing family and community resources can be helpful in improving the present models of old-age care,so as to meet the needs of the elderly to be taken care of in their familiar living environment.

关 键 词：老年人 家庭支持 社区支持 养老方式 影响因素 养老期望 养老模式 

分 类 号：R197[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]