生成式人工智能法律主体资格之否定  

Negation of the Legal Subject Qualification of Generative Artificial Intelligence

作　　者：李寒雪 LI Han-xue(School of Humanities and Social Sciences,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 211106,China)

机构地区：[1]南京航空航天大学人文与社会科学学院,江苏南京211106

出　　处：《山西青年职业学院学报》2025年第1期48-53,共6页Journal of Shanxi Youth Vocational College

基　　金：2024年度江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划项目“生成式人工智能医疗服务侵权责任问题研究”(项目编号:SJCX24_0108)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：生成式人工智能法律主体资格肯定说,以其具备“自我”意识及应用风险为依据,主张赋予其法律主体资格。然而,深入探究发现此说存在诸多不合理之处。理论上,从法律主体内涵和范围出发,拥有“自我”意识并非成为法律主体的充分或必要条件。人工智能意识与人类意识本质不同,且难以满足道德主体进而获得法律主体资格的要求。实践中,一方面,将生成式人工智能纳入法律主体会导致其与研发者、服务提供者、普通个体及国家的社会关系界定困难,且因其受人类管控而无法真正实现法律独立;另一方面,技术更新前后主体同一性的法律解释也将面临困境。The legal subject qualification of generative AI affirms that it advocates granting it legal subject qualification on the basis of its“self”awareness and application risks.A closer look,however,reveals numerous irrationalities in the theory.Theoretically,starting from the connotation and scope of the legal subject,only having“self”consciousness is not a sufficient or necessary condition to become a legal subject,and artificial intelligence consciousness is essentially different from human consciousness,and it is difficult to meet the requirements of moral subjects and then obtain the qualification of legal subjects.In practice,on the one hand,its inclusion in the legal subject will lead to difficulties in defining the social relationship with developers,service providers,ordinary individuals and the state,and it will not be able to truly achieve legal independence due to human control,and on the other hand,the legal interpretation of the identity of the subject before and after technological renewal will also face difficulties.

关 键 词：法律主体资格 自我意识 社会关系 技术更新 

分 类 号：D901[政治法律—法学理论]