中国陆地边境贸易成就、问题及对策研究  

On the Achievements,Issues,and Policy Recommendations of China’s Land Border Trade

作　　者：徐黎丽[1] 王政杰 XU Li-li;WANG Zheng-jie(Research Base for Forging the Sense of Community for Chinese Nation by Four Ministries&China Border Security Research Center of Lanzhou University&Northwest Ethnic Research Center of the Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education,Lanzhou,730020)

机构地区：[1]四部委铸牢中华民族共同体意识研究基地——兰州大学中国边疆安全与发展研究中心

出　　处：《云南社会科学》2025年第3期103-114,共12页Social Sciences in Yunnan

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国陆地边境对应国口岸志资料收集、整理与研究”(项目号:23&ZD205)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：中国相邻的陆地边境邻国有14个,边境口岸101个,边贸在波动中不断发展。截至目前,边贸取得的成绩有:边贸历史悠久,为现代边境设立口岸及其边贸发展奠定了历史、地理及人文基础;中方边贸产品以加工产品为主,对应国边贸产品以原材料或农牧产品为主,具有互补性;除俄罗斯、蒙古、老挝外,中国陆地边贸均为顺差;陆地边境贸易在整体外贸中的占比在波动中增长;人民币的边贸结算作用不断提升。目前陆地边境贸易存在问题有:中国陆地边境对应国口岸及边贸交通建设仍有待提升;边贸产品中缺少高科技和文化产品;中国陆地边贸总量小且各类边贸内部发展不平衡性表现非常明显;人民币在边贸结算中的作用有待于进一步提升;周边国家边贸政策、外交关系及局部国际关系对边境贸易影响深刻。针对以上问题,应该从以下方面入手:从连接中华民族共同体与周边国家命运共同体的高度入手,总体规划中国陆地边境贸易,夯实中国陆地边境贸易基础;根据我国与陆地邻国目前需求和未来需求方向,充分发展边贸互补性、发掘未来边贸合作方向;发挥小额边贸、边贸互市、边境经济合作区的联动作用,促进边贸与国贸融合;从发挥人民币在边贸结算中的作用向人民币数字货币结算转变;以和为贵处理中国与周边及局部国际关系问题,为中国陆地边贸发展营造良好的周边国际环境。China shares land borders with 14 neighboring countries and operates 101 border ports.Border trade has been developing steadily despite periodic fluctuations.Up to now,the achievements of border trade include:A long history of border trade,which has laid historical,geographical,and cultural foundations for the establishment of modern border ports and the development of trade.China's border trade exports mainly consist of processed goods,while imports from neighboring countries are primarily raw materials or agricultural and pastoral products,creating complementarity.Except for Russia,Mongolia and Laos,China runs a trade surplus with all its land-bordering countries.The share of land border trade in overall foreign trade has been growing,albeit with some fluctuations.The role of the RMB in border trade settlements has been steadily increasing.However,several issues still exist in China’s land border trade:infrastructure for border ports and trade routes in neighboring countries remains underdeveloped.There is a lack of high-tech and cultural products in border trade.The overall scale of land border trade is small,and development across different types of border trade is highly unbalanced.The role of the RMB in settlement needs further enhancement.Policies of neighboring countries,diplomatic relations,and regional international dynamics significantly affect border trade.To solve these problems,the following strategies should be adopted:approach the planning of China’s land border trade from the perspective of connecting the Chinese national community with the shared destiny of neighboring countries and formulate an overall strategic plan to strengthen the foundation of border trade.Develop the complementary nature of border trade based on the current and future needs of China and its neighboring countries,and explore future directions for cooperation.Leverage the synergies among small-scale trade,mutual market trade,and border economic cooperation zones to promote integration with national-level trade.Transitio

关 键 词：边境口岸 陆地边境贸易 周边命运共同体 

分 类 号：C91[经济管理]