大众性育儿劳动的“去情感化”和不稳定性劳动的社会生产  

The“De-emotionalization”of Mass Parenting Labor and the Social Production of Unstable Labor

作　　者：温欣 张文华 WEN Xin;ZHANG Wen-hua(School of Politics and Public Administration,Shandong Youth University of Political Science,Jinan,250103)

机构地区：[1]山东青年政治学院政治与公共管理学院

出　　处：《云南社会科学》2025年第3期167-178,共12页Social Sciences in Yunnan

基　　金：山东青年政治学院校级科研课题(项目号:XJQN2401);山东省哲学社会科学青年人才团队(项目号:2023-zkzd)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：育儿嫂作为家政劳动中被细分出来的一种照料劳动类型,为回应“工作-家庭”平衡问题、支持女性返回职场和促进生育提供了市场化路径。但是,在照料劳动与消费中间群体扩大的过程中,照料劳动市场化和照料消费的商品化使照料面临一种“去情感化”的困境。育儿嫂劳动过程中存在三维主体的“去情感化”过程。消费者、劳动者和家政公司通过不稳定性的制造,消解了关怀劳动的自然情感纽带。关怀劳动的“去情感化”并未增强劳动者的自主性,反而加剧了劳动的不稳定性。“去情感化”的关怀劳动通过讲人情、重感情和念旧情的“在不讲感情时讲感情”策略机制,共构了分层的情感劳动体制维系,并强化了关怀劳动的不稳定性再生产。扩大的社会照料需求和收缩的关怀供给使家政服务市场存在从“橄榄型”向“倒三角”转化的风险。应该以推动“制度性的技能化”替代以“证书型的专业化”,培养高技能的照料劳动者。As a specialized type of caregiving labor subdivided from domestic work,babysitting service provide a market-based solution to address the“work-family”balance,support women’s return to the workforce,and encourage fertility.However,in the process of expanding the intermediate group between caregiving labor and consumption,the marketization of caregiving labor and the commodification of care have led to a three-dimensional“de-emotionalization”dilemma.Consumers,workers,and domestic service companies have dissolved the natural emotional bond of caring for labor through unstable manufacturing.The“de-emotionalization”of caregiving labor does not enhance the autonomy of workers;instead,it exacerbates the instability of labor.The“de-emotionalized”caregiving labor,through the strategic mechanism of“talking about emotions when not discussing emotions”by emphasizing human relationships,emotional bonds,and nostalgia,co-constructs a layered emotional labor system that maintains and reinforces the unstable reproduction of care labor.The expanding demand for social care and shrinking supply of care pose a risk of transforming the domestic service market from an“olive-shaped”to an“inverted triangle”.It is suggested to promote“institutionalized skill development”to replace“certificate-based specialization”,and cultivate high-skilled caregivers.

关 键 词：关怀劳动 劳动分层 情感劳动 

分 类 号：C916[经济管理]