五水硫酸铜晶体的制备及表征实验方法的优化  

Optimization of Preparation and Characterization of Copper Sulfate Pentahydrate Crystals

作　　者：杜意恩 郭少华 张爱华[1] DU Yi-En;GUO Shao-Hua;ZHANG Ai-Hua(Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Jinzhong University,Jinzhong 030619,China;School of Modern Engineering and Applied Science,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210093,China)

机构地区：[1]晋中学院化学化工系,晋中030619 [2]南京大学现代工程与应用科学学院,南京210093

出　　处：《应用化学》2025年第3期416-428,共13页Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry

基　　金：山西省高等学校教学改革创新项目(No.J20241335,J20231246);中国高等教育学会理科教育专业委员会“高等理科教育研究课题项目”(No.21ZSKJYYB08)资助。

摘　　要：五水硫酸铜晶体的制备是无机化学实验中一个重要的综合性实验。本文设计了一组用铜粉与硫酸、硝酸反应制备五水硫酸铜的实验装置,对实验条件进行了探讨,通过X射线粉末衍射(XRD)和同步热分析对制备的五水硫酸铜的晶体结构和结晶水含量进行了分析。实验结果表明,经过对实验装置的改进和实验方法的优化,不仅显著提升了制备产物的纯度和产率,而且在反应过程中产生的NO和NO2等有毒气体能够被NaOH溶液吸收,实现了对环境无污染的绿色化学实践。这种改进和优化既提高了实验效率和安全性,又促进了学生的实验技能和科学素养的提高。The preparation of copper sulfate pentahydrate(CuSO4·5H_(2)O)crystals is an important comprehensive synthesis experiment in inorganic chemistry.In this paper,a set of experimental equipment for the preparation of copper sulfate pentahydrate by the reaction of copper powder with sulfuric acid(H_(2)SO4)and nitric acid(HNO3)was designed.The experimental conditions were discussed.The structure of recrystallization product and the content of crystal water were analyzed by X-ray powder diffractometer and synchronous thermal analyzer.The experimental results indicate that by improving the experimental apparatus and optimization of the experimental method,not only the purity and yield of the prepared product were significantly increased,but also toxic gases such as NO and NO_(2) generated during the reaction process could be completely absorbed by the NaOH solution,thus achieving environmentally friendly green chemistry practices.This improvement and optimization not only increase the efficiency and safety of the experiment,but also promote the cultivation of students'experimental skills and scientific literacy.

关 键 词：五水硫酸铜 制备 实验方法优化 晶体 组分分析 

分 类 号：O614.8[理学—无机化学]