山鹿素行的“诚”论与日本儒学之“诚”的分化  

Yamaga Soko's Theory of“Sincerity”and the Divergence of“Sincerity”in Japanese Confucianism

作　　者：刘晓颖 Liu Xiaoying

机构地区：[1]广东外语外贸大学日语语言文化学院,广东广州510420

出　　处：《河南大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期13-21,152,共10页Journal of Henan University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“北宋时期经学演进与儒家政治哲学重构”(23BZX029)阶段性成果;河南省哲学社会科学规划项目“森鸥外文学中的儒释道思想研究”(2024CWX027)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：“诚”是东亚儒学的重要概念之一,也是日本儒学与中国儒学的重要联结点。对中国程朱理学之“诚”与日本儒学者山鹿素行之“诚”论进行比较分析,可以见出中日儒学的紧密联系与深刻差异。朱子学的“诚”的建构宗旨是为了维护皇权社会的道德秩序,而山鹿素行与朱子最大的不同,在于他将真实自然的人性人情理解为“诚”的根本属性,认为“诚”首先是“真”,是一种发自内心的主体感受,而非作为天理的人伦道德。素行的“诚”反映的是当时日本町人社会对人性自然的认识与包容,具有重个体、重主观、感性化的特点,因而具有美学属性,并且与日本古典文学中重感性、重人情的“物哀”“幽玄”“侘寂”的美学观一脉相承,体现了典型的日本式思维的特征,反映了东亚儒学中的“诚”由伦理学向美学的分化。“Sincerity”is one of the important concepts in Confucianism and also a significant connection point between Japanese and Chinese Confucianism.By comparing the concept of“sincerity”in Chinese Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucianism with that in the theory of Yamaga Soko,a Japanese Confucian scholar,we can observe the close ties and profound differences between Chinese and Japanese Confucianism.The construction of“sincerity”in Zhu Xi's philosophy aims to maintain the moral order of the imperial society.The biggest difference between Yamaga Soko and Zhu Xi lies in Soko's understanding of“sincerity”as the fundamental attribute of true and natural human nature and emotions,where“sincerity”is first and foremost“truthfulness”,a subjective feeling that originates from within,rather than a moral principle of human relationships as part of the natural law.Soko's concept of“sincerity”reflects the understanding and tolerance of human nature in the merchant society of Japan at that time,characterized by its emphasis on the individual and subjectivity,thus it is perceptual and possesses aesthetic qualities.It is in line with the aesthetic concepts of“mono no aware”,“yugen”,and“wabi-sabi”in Japanese classical literature,which emphasize sentimentality and human emotions.This reflects the characteristic features of Japanese thinking and the divergence of the concept of“sincerity”in East Asian Confucianism.

关 键 词：东亚儒学 诚 山鹿素行 

分 类 号：B12[哲学宗教—世界哲学]