粉煤灰改善土壤生态系统的矿物学机制及其应用工程  

TTHE MINERALOGICAL MECHANISM AND APPLICATION ENGINEERING UNDER THE ECOSYSTEM OF SOIL ARE IMPROVED BY FLY ASH

作　　者：申俊峰[1] 李胜荣[1] 霍晓君 刘斯文[3,4] 周学武 牛花朋 李祯[1] 梁勇 SHEN Junfeng;LI Shengrong;HUO Xiaojun;LIU Siwen;ZHOU Xuewu;NIU Huapeng;LI Zhen;LIANG Yong(School of Earth Science and Resources,China Uniersity of Geoscience,Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;Environmental Science Research Institute of Inne Mongolia,Hohhott01001l,China;National Research Centre of Geoanalysis,Beijing100037,China;Key Laboratory of Ecogeochemistry,Ministry of Natural Resources,Beijing 100037,China;School of Public Administration,China Uniersity of Geoscience(Wuhan),Wuhan 430074,China;School of Earth Science,China University of Petroleum(Beijing),Beijing 102249,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(北京)地球科学与资源学院,北京100083 [2]内蒙古环境科学研究院,内蒙古呼和浩特010011 [3]国家地质实验测试中心,北京100037 [4]自然资源部生态地球化学重点实验室,北京100037 [5]中国地质大学(武汉)公共管理学院,湖北武汉430074 [6]中国石油大学(北京)地球科学与资源学院,北京102249

出　　处：《矿物岩石》2025年第1期42-54,共13页Mineralogy and Petrology

基　　金：中国地质调查项目,典型地区健康地质调查(编号:DD20230118)。

摘　　要：粉煤灰是火电厂燃烧的副产品。根据对成煤地质作用过程和燃煤发电过程的理解,煤炭中继承储集了丰富的土壤植物生长土壤营养元素并仍然赋存于粉煤灰中,特别是燃烧和除尘过程导致粉煤灰具备了特有的多孔结构,使得粉煤灰具有优质土壤体系的诸多功能。20多年的理论和实践研究认为,将粉煤灰施加到土壤当中用于改善土壤生态系统,有效沃化土壤(如,全磷、全钾、有效磷、有效铁、有效锌、有效硼、有效钼、有效硫等依次是土壤临界值的1.04~2.16倍、1.03~6.67倍、2.83~35.00倍、2.59~272.80倍、1.0~290.0倍、1.07~328.0倍、1.82~986.67倍、9500~112333倍),深度改善土壤结构,促进植物根系发育,增强土壤的持水能力(如,在砂砾石立地条件下饱和含水率仅仅是15.5%~21.4%,添加粉煤灰后的饱和含水率可达31.4%~79.7%。自然条件下7 d后砂砾石含水率仅剩5.7%~11.9%,而添加粉煤灰后的砂砾石含水率可维持在15.0%~28.9%),防止土质漏肥漏水和蒸发失水的显著功效,是综合改善土壤水-气-肥-热生化系统的有效措施,也被称作“回归土壤”。同时,粉煤灰添加到土壤不会增加土壤和地下水重金属污染风险,是恢复植被或修复生态的理想材料之一,同时也是有效消纳粉煤灰,使其变废为宝的重要途径。建议进一步加强实践研究和可行性评估,尽快实现大面积推广应用。Fly ash is a by-product of coal combustion in power plants.Based on an understanding of coal formation processes and coal-fired power generation,multiple nutrient-rich elements essential for plant growth are inherited and stored in coal.Even after combustion transforms coal into fly ash,these nutrients remain present.Additionally,the combustion and ash removal processes create a porous structure in fly ash,endowing it with several beneficial properties that support plant growth.Over the past 20 years,theoretical and practical research on using fly ash as a soil medium has demonstrated significant improvements in soil ecosystems,particularly in poor soils.For example,fly ash effectively enhances soil fertility,providing higher levels of essential nutrients compared to critical soil values:total phosphorus(1.04—2.16 times),total potassium(1.03—6.67 times),available phosphorus(2.83—35.00 times),available potassium(2.59—272.80 times),available iron(1.0—290.0 times),available zinc(1.07—328.0 times),available boron(1.82—986.67 times),available molybdenum(9,500—112,333 times),and available sulfur.Fly ash also improves soil structure,significantly promoting plant root development and enhancing soil water-holding capacity.For example,in gravelly soil,the saturated moisture content was initially 15.5%—21.4%under field conditions,but after the addition of fly ash,it increased to 31.4%—79.7%.Additionally,fly ash helps mitigate common issues such as fertilizer and water loss due to leaching or evaporation.In summary,the application of fly ash as a soil amendment is a comprehensive and effective measure for soil improvement,aligning with the principle of"back to earth."Importantly,studies have shown that incorporating fly ash into soil does not increase the risk of heavy metal contamination in soil or groundwater.Therefore,this technology represents a valuable method for vegetation restoration,ecological rehabilitation,and resource utilization.We strongly recommend further research,assessment,and widespread

关 键 词：粉煤灰 土壤改善 矿物学 应用 

分 类 号：P579[天文地球—矿物学]