“公私二重性”与家政服务职业道德的四重张力  

“Public-Private Dichotomy”and the Tensions in the Ethical Practices for Domestic Work

作　　者：苏熠慧[1] SU Yi-hui(Department of Sociology,School of Humanities,Shanghai University of Finance and Economics,Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]上海财经大学人文学院社会学系,上海200433

出　　处：《妇女研究论丛》2025年第2期1-16,共16页Journal of Chinese Women's Studies

基　　金：2020年度国家社会科学基金青年项目“中国家政业的专业化问题研究”(项目编号:20CSH083)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：本文从性别视角引入“公私二重性”框架,分析国家、企业、客户和家政服务员等不同主体共同建构的职业道德话语特征及其内部张力。研究发现,不同主体对家政服务职业道德的认知存在“公私二重性”的共性,具体体现为这些主体既强调“公共品格”也强调“私人特质”,既重视“公共知识/技能”也重视“私人情感”,既追求“公共利益”也诉诸“私人利益”。不同主体对职业道德的认识在某些维度上存在差异,由此形成了家政服务职业道德的内部张力和困境。这些张力包括:国家对于“自尊”及“客户—家政服务员”之间平等关系的强调,与二者在实际互动中形成的“服从—被服从”权力关系的冲突;不同主体围绕家庭伦理与家政服务职业道德的关联形成的争议;不同主体对“专业”和“爱”的不同理解;商品化影响下家政服务买卖双方对私人利益最大化的追求与照料劳动本身的公共利益内在要求形成的紧张。This paper adopts the framework of“public-private dichotomy”from a gender perspective in its analysis of the characteristics of and tensions within the domestic work ethics co-constructed by different actors,including the state,enterprises,clients,and domestic workers.The study finds that all actors concur that there is a“public-private dichotomy”that characterizes domestic work ethics.This means that these actors emphasize both“public qualities”,“public knowledge/skills”,“public interests”and“personal values”,“private emotions”,“private interests”.However,the paper also reveals that differences in the understanding of the domestic work ethics among the actors have led to internal tensions and dilemmas in the ethical practices of domestic services.These tensions include:firstly,the state's emphasis on“self-respect”and the equal relationship between clients and domestic workers,come in conflicts with the“subordination-control”employment relationship between the two.Second revolves around the disputes among different actors over the connection between family values and the domestic work ethics.The third lies with the differing understandings of“professionalism”and“love”.Lastly,it is the tension between the pursuit of private interests by the clients and domestic workers in domestic services and the inherent public interest in the value of caring labor.

关 键 词：公私二重性 家政服务员 职业道德 

分 类 号：C913.2[经济管理]