公共数据开放与中国绿色全要素生产率:数据要素的视角  

Public Data Openness and China's Green Total Factor Productivity:A Perspective of Data Factor

作　　者：郭家堂 GUO Jiatang(Institute of Applied Economics,Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences)

机构地区：[1]上海社会科学院应用经济研究所,200020

出　　处：《经济研究》2025年第2期56-72,共17页Economic Research Journal

基　　金：上海市哲学社会科学规划课题一般课题(2024BJB011)的资助。

摘　　要：2010年以来,全球数字经济规模不断扩大,数据高度渗透到各领域,然而主要发达经济体和重点发展中国家的经济增长速度却普遍放缓,引起了学界对索洛悖论的再次关注。针对该经济现象,本文从数据要素减少信息误差(第一经济价值)和创造新的知识(第二经济价值)的角度出发,系统分析了数据要素中公共数据开放对中国绿色全要素生产率的影响并提出研究假说。借助中国省级公共数据开放平台逐步上线的准自然实验,利用城市宏观数据和企业微观数据展开实证检验。研究发现:公共数据开放释放大量数据要素,对中国绿色效率改进有显著的促进作用,对中国绿色技术进步的作用暂未显现,总体上对中国绿色全要素生产率有显著的促进作用。在上述作用中,公共数据开放具有显著的规模报酬递增、区域绿色协调发展和节能减排等效应特征。微观层面实证研究证实了以公共数据为代表的数据要素两大基本经济价值,大部分中国企业有效利用了其第一经济价值,少数拥有丰富专有数据的企业有效利用了其第二经济价值。基于研究结论,本文对索洛悖论给出了新的解释,认为索洛可能忽视了能源和环境对经济发展的刚性约束从而给出“计算机对生产率无效”的片面判断。本文研究为中国的公共数据开放、数据要素价值认知以及相关政策制定提供了证据。Since 2010,the global digital economy has rapidly expanded,with data permeating various sectors.However,the economic growth rates of major developed economies and key developing countries have generally slowed down,leading to renewed academic interest in the Solow paradox.In response to this phenomenon,this study provides a theoretical analysis of the impact of public data openness—an aspect of data factor—on China's green total factor productivity(GTFP).This is approached from two perspectives of data factor:reducing information errors(the first economic value)and generating new knowledge(the second economic value).In terms of empirical research,the paper leverages the quasi-natural experiment created by the gradual rollout of provincial-level public data platforms across China's provincial-level regions since 2012.Using a difference-indifferences model,the study tests the relationship between public data openness and GTFP based on both macro-level data from Chinese cities and micro-level data from listed companies.The study yields several significant findings.First,during the sample period,public data openness significantly boosted green efficiency,though its effect on green technological progress was not notable.Overall,public data openness promoted the growth of China's GTFP,primarily through green efficiency improvements.Second,dynamic effect tests indicate that public data openness has a growing influence on both green efficiency and GTFP,suggesting increasing returns to scale for the data factor represented by public data.Third,regional analysis reveals that the impact of public data openness on green efficiency and GTFP is more pronounced in the central and western regions than in the eastern region,indicating its potential to coordinate regional green development.Fourth,the findings suggest that the Solow paradox is somewhat limited in scope.Public data,as a representation of data factor,contributes to China's GTFP growth.Further analysis shows that public data openness significantly improves energy

关 键 词：索洛悖论 数据要素 公共数据开放 绿色全要素生产率 

分 类 号：F062.1[经济管理—政治经济学]