拘束和拘束位置对超高强钢T型接头残余应力和焊接变形的影响  

Influence of Restraint and Restraint Position on Residual Stress and Welding Deformation of Ultra-high-strength Steel T-joint

作　　者：王重阳 尼军杰 张海燕 高站起 黄智泉 邓德安[2] WANG Chongyang;NI Junjie;ZHANG Haiyan;GAO Zhanqi;HUANG Zhiquan;DENG Dean(China Academy of Machinery Zhengzhou Research Institute of Mechanical Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Zhengzhou 450001,China;College of Materials Science and Engineering,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400045,China)

机构地区：[1]中国机械总院集团郑州机械研究所有限公司,郑州450001 [2]重庆大学材料科学与工程学院,重庆400045

出　　处：《中国表面工程》2025年第1期241-254,共14页China Surface Engineering

摘　　要：21世纪以来,超高强钢得到越来越广泛的应用,但其在焊接时会产生更高的残余应力和更显著的焊接变形,这成为制约其应用的一个难题。随着仿真理论的发展,数值模拟技术已成为确定焊接接头甚至大型焊接结构残余应力和焊接变形的一种可靠有效的方法。针对某特种车辆用1600 MPa级超高强钢,采用拉伸试验和热膨胀试验获得其常温及高温屈服强度、相变温度点和热膨胀系数等性能参数,建立超高强钢材料模型和相变模型。以SYSWELD焊接有限元软件为平台,开发考虑超高强钢固态相变的“热-冶金-力学”多场耦合的有限元计算方法。采用该方法模拟超高强钢T型接头在自由状态和不同拘束位置下的残余应力和焊接变形。基于数值模拟结果,讨论结构拘束及其拘束位置对残余应力和焊接变形的影响。数值模拟结果表明,结构拘束会增大T型接头的纵向拉伸和压缩应力峰值,减小横向拉伸应力峰值,同时减小压缩塑性应变、横向收缩和角变形,而这一影响在拘束位置距离焊缝更近时会更显著。对于拘束和拘束位置的数值模拟研究,将为超高强钢残余应力和焊接变形的控制提供理论依据。In recent years,ultra-high-strength steel(UHSS)has been widely utilized in engineering structures,mining machinery,and military equipment.However,the high strengthening of UHSS poses two significant challenges to welding technology.On one hand,it leads to higher peak residual stresses induced by the welding process,which can cause hot cracks,cold cracks,stress corrosion,and fatigue failure.On the other hand,significant welding deformation is inevitably generated when thin-plate UHSS structures are welded.Welding deformation not only affects the appearance quality and dimensional accuracy of the product but also brings difficulties in welding assembly.Currently,research on residual stress and welding deformation by scholars remains very limited.Recent achievements in computational welding mechanics have demonstrated that numerical simulation technology based on the finite element method is a promising approach to determine the residual stresses in welded joints or even large welded structures.This study focuses on 1600 MPa grade UHSS,used for a specific type of vehicle.Tensile tests at room temperature,200,400,600,and 800°C were conducted on a universal tensile testing machine to obtain stress-strain curves under different temperature conditions,and to determine the yield strength of UHSS at each temperature from the curves.The thermal expansion specimen was heated to 1000°C and then cooled to room temperature to obtain the strain-temperature curve and phase transition temperature of UHSS during heating and cooling processes.JMatPro software was used to obtain other thermophysical parameters of UHSS,and to establish a material model and phase transformation model for UHSS.Subsequently,a finite element calculation method was developed using SYSWELD software,which considers the solid-state phase transformation of UHSS and combines multiple fields of thermal metallurgy mechanics.In the numerical simulation,the microstructure calculations of martensite and austenite were considered for the UHSS.During the heating pr

关 键 词：超高强钢 拘束 T型接头 残余应力 焊接变形 

分 类 号：TG404[金属学及工艺—焊接]