风电偏航制动摩擦片动态磨损模拟及优化  

Dynamic Wear Simulation and Optimization of Wind Turbine Yaw Brake Pads

作　　者：李丽霞 王建梅[1] 候建 邵旭龙 LI Lixia;WANG Jianmei;HOU Jian;SHAO Xulong(Engineering Research Center of Heavy Machinery Ministry of Education,Taiyuan University of Science and Technology,Taiyuan 030024,China)

机构地区：[1]太原科技大学重型机械教育部工程研究中心,太原030024

出　　处：《中国表面工程》2025年第1期290-302,共13页China Surface Engineering

基　　金：山西省科技重大专项计划“揭榜挂帅”项目(202201060301015);太原科技大学研究生联合培养示范基地项目(JD2022021)。

摘　　要：风电偏航制动工况及偏航摩擦片的选型影响制动盘与摩擦片制动界面的磨损状况,摩擦片的严重磨损将破坏风机偏航系统的稳定性,严重影响风机运行的安全性及发电效率,现有对于偏航这类低速重载制动工况研究甚少。针对偏航制动过程中的磨损问题,考虑制动盘及摩擦片接触界面的动态变化,建立Q345E偏航制动盘及复合树脂基摩擦片组成的偏航制动器三维简化模型,将有限元法与Archard磨损模型结合,研究制动压力、偏航转速及摩擦因数对直边型和凸台型两种摩擦片在制动过程中磨损行为的影响。基于全因子仿真试验及响应面法建立响应面模型,开展相关参数优化。结果表明:不同工况下的摩擦片均在摩擦入口处磨损严重,磨损状态均表现出明显的前端效应;在同一影响因素下,磨损体积及磨损深度均随着影响因素的增大而增大,直边型摩擦片较于凸台型摩擦片耐磨性更强;制动压力与偏航转速对磨损深度及接触压力的影响显著,摩擦因数则对其影响较小;参数优化后的工况经实际仿真后与模型预测值误差小于5%,验证了响应面模型的准确性。有限元磨损模拟揭示了不同形状摩擦片对偏航制动磨损的影响机制,可为偏航摩擦片的选型提供技术及理论支撑。The performance of a wind power yaw braking system determines the accuracy of yaw to wind,yaw movement stability,and the safety and reliability of an entire wind turbine operation.Wind power yaw braking conditions and yaw brake pads selection affects the brake disc and brake pads braking interface wear conditions,because the brake pad material hardness is lower than that of the brake disc.Excessive wear of the caliper steel plate will cause damage to the brake disc,and result in yaw process jitter,the frequent replacement of brake pads,increased repair costs,and the decreased operational efficiency of the unit.Existing brake discs for low-speed and heavy-load applications,such as yaw and low-speed and heavy-duty braking conditions,are rarely studied,and finite element and experimental methods are typically used to measure the wear of braking interfaces.Hence,a three-dimensional simplified model of a yaw brake composed of a Q345E yaw brake disc and composite resin-based brake pad is established to address the wear problem in the yaw braking process,considering the dynamic change in the interface between the brake disc and brake pad.First,the relatively mature Archard wear theory combined with the finite element discretization calculation was adopted to accurately simulate the wear state of the yaw brake pads,and adaptive mesh technology was used to re-divide the mesh when mesh aberrations occurred.Simultaneously,the mesh in the contact area was encrypted to make the calculation results more convergent.In addition,two common shapes of yaw brake discs,namely,straight-edge type and boss-type,were selected to ensure that they had the same nominal contact area to investigate the dynamic changes and distributions of the wear depth and contact pressure of the two types of brake pads during the braking process via three influencing factors:the braking pressure,yaw speed,and friction coefficient.Finally,experimental schemes of the three factors and three levels were designed based on a full factorial simulation and Box-Beh

关 键 词：风电偏航制动器 Archard磨损模型 有限元分析 响应面法 

分 类 号：TH117[机械工程—机械设计及理论]