船用增压器高压比离心压气机非对称叶片扩压器扩稳研究  

Study on the Expansion Stability of Asymmetric Diffuser of High Pressure Ratio Centrifugal Compressors for Marine Turbochargers

作　　者：吴小荣 霍文浩 王净 唐国庆 周黎 Xiao-rong Wu;Wen-hao Huo;Jing Wang;Guo-qing Tang;Li Zhou(China Shipbuilding(ChongQing)Equipment Technology Co.,Ltd.;National Engineering Research Center of Special Equipment and Power System for Ship and Marine Engineering;Key Laboratory of Marine Turbocharger Research,Chongqing Industry and Information Technology)

机构地区：[1]中船(重庆)装备技术有限公司 [2]船舶与海洋工程特种装备和动力系统国家工程研究中心 [3]船用废气涡轮增压器研发重庆市工业和信息化重点试验室

出　　处：《风机技术》2025年第2期19-26,96,共9页Chinese Journal of Turbomachinery

基　　金：工信部“船用低速机大流量高可靠性增压器研制”项目。

摘　　要：船用增压器离心压气机设计压比不断提升致使高效稳定运行范围变窄。以某型船用增压器高压比离心压气机为研究对象,采用数值模拟方法探讨了蜗舌的非对称结构诱发叶片扩压器局部流动失稳,进而导致小流量工况性能下降的机理,具有针对性地开展了非对称叶片扩压器设计及研究,并优化了扩压器出口与蜗舌的距离,以进一步提升压气机性能。研究结果表明:非对称叶片扩压器设计可以减弱蜗舌引起的扩压器周向局部压力分布不均匀性,使压力波动幅值减小4.2%,同时使压气机失速裕增加2.63%;结合扩压器叶片安装角度优化,压气机效率提高了0.82%;增加蜗舌间距有利于降低周向压力不均匀性,压气机等熵效率提高1.11%。The relentless escalation in the pressure ratio has reduced the high efficiency and stability operation range of marine turbocharger centrifugal compressors.Taking a high-pressure ratio marine turbochargers centrifugal compressor as the research object,the numerical simulation is carried out to analyze the mechanism of the asymmetric configuration of the volute tongue cause local flow instability within the vane diffuser,precipitating a decrement in performance under small flow rate conditions.A targeted exploration into asymmetric diffuser design was undertaken,alongside an optimization of the distance between the diffuser outlet and the volute tongue,aiming to rise the performance.The research shows that the asymmetric diffuser design attenuates the circumferential nonuniform local pressure induced by the volute tongue,reduced pressure fluctuation amplitudes by 4.2%and increased stall margin by 2.63%.Furthermore,synergizing with the optimization of the diffuser blade installation angle,compressor efficiency increased 0.82%.An extension of the distance between volute tongues was good to reduce circumferential pressure nonuniform,which increase the compressor's isentropic efficiency 1.11%.

关 键 词：离心压气机 非对称 扩压器 失速裕度 

分 类 号：TH452[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]