叶片数目对小型水平轴风力机性能影响的数值研究  

Numerical Study on the Influence of Blade Number on the Performance of Small Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines

作　　者：左行 梁嘉鹏 朱建勇 梁轩豪 Hang Zuo;Jia-peng Liang;Jian-yong Zhu;Xuan-hao Liang(Shenyang Aerospace University Aero Engine College)

机构地区：[1]沈阳航空航天大学航空发动机学院

出　　处：《风机技术》2025年第2期44-51,共8页Chinese Journal of Turbomachinery

基　　金：辽宁省教育厅面上项目(LJKZ0183)。

摘　　要：叶片数目是风力机气动设计的重要参数之一。基于角动量定理和数值仿真,以风速6m/s为例,探究了转动惯量、摩擦力矩和叶片数目对风力机启动性能的影响。研究结果表明,在考虑风力机实际的转动惯量条件下,假设不同叶片数目的风力机摩擦力矩相同,随着设定摩擦力矩值的增大,从3叶片增加至5叶片时的启动时间降幅从20%增至53%,稳定转速差值逐渐减小,最后5叶片风力机的稳定转速大于3叶片;按叶片数目比例选取摩擦力矩,启动时间降幅从21%增至47%,稳定转速降幅从4.8%减至3.6%。通过数值仿真分析了不同叶片数目的小型水平轴风力机气动效率和流场特性,研究结果表明,在风速12m/s下,6叶片风力机气动效率最高,功率系数峰值达0.465,相较于1叶片风力机提高了258%。随着叶片数目的增多,临近风力机前方的合速度减小,叶片表面压差降低,使得风力机单个叶片功率系数逐渐降低。The number of blades is one of the important parameters in the aerodynamic design of wind turbines.Based on the angular momentum theorem and numerical simulation,the effects of moment of inertia,friction torque,and the number of blades on the starting performance of the wind turbine were investigated at a wind speed of 6m/s.The results of the study show that,under the condition of considering the actual rotational inertia of the wind turbine,assuming the wind turbines with different number of blades has same frictional torque,as the set friction torque value increases,the dropped starting time increases from 20%to 53%when the blades increasing from 3 to 5,the difference of stabilized speed decreases gradually,and finally the stabilized speed of 5 blades is higher than that of 3 blades wind turbine.Selecting the friction torque in proportion to the number of blades,the dropped starting time increased from 21%to 47%and the dropped stabilized speed reduced from 4.8%to 3.6%.The aerodynamic efficiency and flow field characteristics of small horizontal axis wind turbines with different number of blades are analyzed by numerical simulation,and the results show that at a wind speed of 12m/s,the 6 blades wind turbine has the highest aerodynamic efficiency with a peak power coefficient of 0.465 which is 258%higher than the 1 blade wind turbine.As the increase in the number of blades,the combined velocity near the front of the wind turbine decreases,the pressure difference on the surface of the blades decreases,resulting the individual blade power coefficient of the wind turbine gradually decreases.

关 键 词：风能 水平轴风力机 叶片数目 启动性能 气动效率 数值模拟 

分 类 号：TK83[动力工程及工程热物理—流体机械及工程] TM614[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]