碳纳米管/有机硅树脂吸波气凝胶及其复合材料的制备与性能  

Preparation and properties of carbon nanotubes/silicon microwave absorbing aerogel and its composite

作　　者：王晓岚 柳云钊 孔磊[1,2] 师建军 杨云华[1,2] WANG Xiaolan;LIU Yunzhao;KONG Lei;SHI Jianjun;YANG Yunhua(Aerospace Research Institute of Materials&Processing Technology,Beijing 100076,China;National Key Laboratory of Advance Functional Composite Materials,Beijing 100076,China)

机构地区：[1]航天材料及工艺研究所,北京100076 [2]先进功能复合材料技术国防科技重点实验室,北京100076

出　　处：《复合材料学报》2025年第3期1288-1297,共10页Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica

摘　　要：基于溶胶-凝胶方法,制备不同比例多壁碳纳米管改性有机硅树脂(CNT/OSR)气凝胶和针刺石英纤维增强CNT/有机硅树脂气凝胶(QF/SC)复合材料,探究CNT含量对有机硅气凝胶及其复合材料的微观结构、防热性能和吸波性能的影响规律。研究结果表明:进行物理修饰后的CNT与有机硅树脂表现出良好的相容性,构建起了微导电、导热通道;改性后树脂的热稳定性有了明显提升,当CNT的质量分数为15wt%时,失重10wt%对应温度T_(d10)提升111.1℃;QF/SC复合材料热导率在0.054~0.075 W/(m·K)之间,经600 s表面温度达1 000℃的烧蚀后,最大背温为145.1℃;引入碳纳米管的QF/SC复合材料介电性能显著提高,实测8~18 GHz内反射率峰值和有效带宽分别达到-29 dB和3 GHz。该项工作有望在航空航天科学和工业领域实现新的应用。Utilizing the sol-gel method,this study presents the fabrication of carbon nanotubes/organic silicon resin(CNT/OSR)aerogels and quartz fibre-reinforced CNT/silicon(QF/SC)composites incorporating varying proportions of multi-wall carbon nanotubes.The investigation focuses on discerning the influence of CNT content on the microstructural,thermal,and wave absorption properties of silicone aerogels and their composites.Results demonstrate the favorable compatibility of modified CNT with silicone resin,facilitating the establishment of micro-conductive and thermal conductive pathways.Remarkable enhancement in thermal stability of the modified resin is observed,notably with a 111.1℃increase in the temperature of 10wt%weight loss T_(d10) when the CNT mass fraction at 15wt%.Moreover,the thermal conductivity of QF/SC composites spans from 0.054 to 0.075 W/(m·K),with a maximum rear temperature of 145.1℃attained after 600 s exposure at 1000℃.Furthermore,the introduction of carbon nanotubes substantially augments the dielectric properties of QF/SC composites,leading to peak reflectance and effective bandwidth measurements within the range of 8-18 GHz,registering at-29 dB and 3 GHz,respectively.This research anticipates fostering novel applications in aerospace science and industry.

关 键 词：有机硅树脂 碳纳米管 气凝胶 吸波 防热 

分 类 号：TB332[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]