三位一体膨胀型阻燃剂诱导聚脲复合材料阻燃性能提升  

Enhancement of flame retardancy in polyurea composites facilitated by a trinity intumescent flame retardant

作　　者：王军 胡闯 王超 张亚 孙亚如 阳平平 刘彦 WANG Jun;HU Chuang;WANG Chao;ZHANG Ya;SUN Yaru;YANG Pingping;LIU Yan(Modern Ordnance Technology Laboratory,Chongqing Innovation Center,Beijing Institute of Technology,Chongqing 401120,China;State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China;Ministerial Key Discipline Laboratory of Advanced Design Technology of Aircraft,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 210016,China)

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学重庆创新中心现代兵器技术实验室,重庆401120 [2]北京理工大学爆炸科学与安全防护全国重点实验室,北京100081 [3]南京航空航天大学飞行器先进设计技术国防重点学科实验室,南京210016

出　　处：《复合材料学报》2025年第3期1349-1360,共12页Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费(NS2024008,NJ2024003);爆炸科学与安全防护全国重点实验室(北京理工大学)开放课题(KFJJ24-06M);国家自然科学基金(12202066);南京航空航天大学人才资助经费(1001-YAH23034)。

摘　　要：聚合物材料存在易燃、易被氧化的缺点,以及传统膨胀型阻燃体系存在吸湿性大、阻燃效率较低、与基体相容性差等缺陷。结合气相阻燃、凝聚相阻燃的设计理念,制备出三位一体膨胀型阻燃剂(PTA-PA)。研究不同含量的PTA-PA对聚脲(PUA)的阻燃性能及力学的影响,分析材料在燃烧、热解过程中气相和凝聚相产物,探究PTA-PA阻燃剂的阻燃机制,建立膨胀型阻燃剂与复合材料热稳定性、阻燃性能和火灾安全性之间的关系。结果表明:和纯PUA相比,添加20.0wt%PTA-PA的PUA复合材料(PUA-4)具有较高的热稳定性,800℃下残炭量为21.9%;PUA-4复合材料的垂直燃烧等级从V-2级提高到V-0级,极限氧指数(LOI)分别从22.2%提高到28.4%,线烧蚀率、热释放速率峰值和总热释放量分别降低19.8%、71.7%和18.3%。本文为高性能阻燃聚合物复合材料的制备提供理论基础和事实依据。Polymeric materials are inherently flammable and prone to oxidation.Traditional intumescent flame retardants exhibit drawbacks,including significant moisture absorption,limited flame-retardant efficacy,and suboptimal matrix compatibility.To address these challenges,a trinity intumescent flame retardant(PTA-PA)was synthesized,integrating the principles of gas-phase and condensed-phase flame retardation.This study examined the influence of varying PTA-PA concentrations on the flame resistance and mechanical properties of polyurea(PUA).It entailed analyzing combustion and pyrolysis byproducts to elucidate the mechanism of flame retardance provided by these novel agents.Additionally,the study correlated the introduction of PTA-PA with enhancements in thermal stability,flame retardance,and overall fire safety of the composites.The findings indicate that the PUA composite with a 20.0wt%loading of PTA-PA(PUA-4)exhibits increased thermal stability,evidenced by a residual carbon content of 21.9%at 800℃.Notably,the vertical burn rating of PUA-4 improved from V-2 to V-0,the limiting oxygen index(LOI)rose from 22.2%to 28.4%,and the rates of line ablation,peak heat release,and total heat release diminished by 19.8%,71.7%and 18.3%,respectively.This investigation provides a theoretical and empirical foundation for developing advanced flame-retardant polymeric composites.

关 键 词：聚脲 膨胀型阻燃剂 阻燃性能 阻燃机制 力学性能 

分 类 号：TB332[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]