潍坊市老年人流感疫苗知信行现状及影响因素分析  

Research on the Current Status and Influencing Factors of Knowledge-Attitude-Practice of Influenza Vaccines among Elderly People Aged over 60 Years in Weifang

作　　者：姜艳艳[1] 张晶 申亚琦 范俊杰[1] 于绍起[1] 周健[1] Jiang Yanyan;Zhang Jing;Shen Yaqi;Fan Junjie;Yu Shaoqi;Zhou Jian(Weifang Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Weifang,Shandong,261061,China)

机构地区：[1]潍坊市疾病预防控制中心,山东潍坊261061

出　　处：《中国初级卫生保健》2025年第4期59-62,共4页Chinese Primary Health Care

基　　金：潍坊市科技发展项目(2022YX113)。

摘　　要：目的:了解潍坊市60岁及以上老年人流感疫苗的知识、态度和接种情况,探索老年人流感疫苗接种的影响因素。方法:2023年6—7月采用分层整群抽样方法,根据地理位置分布,选取潍坊市9个村庄(社区)的716名60岁及以上老年人为调查对象,采用问卷调查方式进行线下调查。结果:716名老年人流感疫苗知识平均得分为(2.90±1.33)分;602人(84.08%)认为流感疫苗有效;455人(63.55%)认为流感疫苗安全。393人(54.89%)在2019—2022年接种过流感疫苗,接种的主要原因是“医务人员推荐”和“接种方便”;不接种的主要原因是“疫苗价格高”和“身体好,不需要接种”。logis⁃tic回归分析结果显示,与流感疫苗相关知识得分为0~1分的老年人相比,得分为2~5分(2~3分OR=2.516,95%CI为1.474~4.295;4~5分OR=4.794,95%CI为2.688~8.551)的老年人更愿意接种流感疫苗;此外,年龄≥70岁可免费接种(OR=6.084,95%CI为4.084~9.064)、家庭成员有医学背景(OR=3.433,95%CI为1.767~6.668)、认为流感疫苗有效(OR=4.785,95%CI为2.773~8.257)也是流感疫苗接种行为的促进因素。结论:潍坊市老年人对流感疫苗的认知不足,应加大健康教育和沟通力度,改善老年人疫苗犹豫,同时实施流感疫苗免费接种政策,以提高老年人流感疫苗接种率。OBJECTIVE To understand the knowledge,attitudes,and vaccination status of elderly people in Weifang regarding influenza vaccine,and explore the influencing factors of influenza vaccination among the elderly.METHODS The stratified cluster sampling method was adopted,and according to the geographical distribution,the elderly over 60 years old from 9 villages(communities)in Weifang were selected as the research objects from June to July in 2023,and the offline questionnaire survey was conducted.RESULTS A total of 716 valid questionnaires were collected.The average score of influenza vaccine knowledge among elderly people in Weifang was(2.90±1.33);602 elderly people(84.08%)believed that the flu vaccine was effective,while 455 elderly people(63.55%)believed that the flu vaccine was safe.393 elderly people(54.89%)received influenza vaccine between 2019 and 2022,mainly due to“recommended by medical staff”and“convenient vaccination”.The main reasons for not getting vaccinated were“high vaccine prices”and“good health,no need to get vaccinated”.Multivariate regression analysis showed that the higher the score of relevant knowledge(2~3 score:OR=2.516,95%CI=1.474~4.295;4~5 score:OR=4.794,95%CI=2.688~8.551).Age≥70 years old can receive free vaccination(OR=6.084,95%CI=4.084~9.064),family members with medical backgrounds(OR=3.433,95%CI=1.767~6.668),and believe that the influenza vaccine was effective(OR=4.785,95%CI=2.773~8.257)were promoting factors for influenza vaccination.CONCLUSION Efforts should be made to increase health education and communication,improve vaccine hesitancy among the elderly,and implement a free flu vaccine policy to increase the flu vaccination rate.

关 键 词：流感疫苗 老年人 知信行 影响因素 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]