集装箱式锂电池储能系统消防设施有效性分析  

Analysis on effectiveness of fire protection facilities for containerized lithium battery energy storage systems

作　　者：姜海瑶 JIANG Haiyao(Ningbo Power Supply Company of State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Company Limited,Ningbo Zhejiang 315016,China)

机构地区：[1]国网浙江省电力有限公司宁波供电公司,浙江宁波315016

出　　处：《工业安全与环保》2025年第5期67-73,共7页Industrial Safety and Environmental Protection

摘　　要：为评估集装箱式锂电池储能系统消防设施的有效性,基于某光伏项目配套储能集装箱设计参数,构建了无消防设施(对照组)、水喷淋灭火、七氟丙烷气体灭火及气体-水喷淋联合灭火4种实验场景。通过利用Pyrosim软件对磷酸铁锂电池热失控引发火灾的情形进行建模和仿真,分析了火灾过程中储能集装箱封闭环境内烟气量、能见度、温度等的变化规律。研究结果表明,水喷淋系统在降低火源温度和抑制火势蔓延方面表现出色,但可能会导致较高的CO浓度;七氟丙烷气体灭火系统能够迅速扑灭火灾,并显著改善能见度和温度控制;气体-水喷淋联合灭火综合了两者的优点,展现出最佳的总体灭火效果;然而,机械排烟在火灾控制中效果有限,反而可能加剧火势和烟气扩散,因而通过关闭排风通风来确保灭火效果,将储能集装箱设置为封闭式燃烧环境是合理有效的。本研究为电化学储能电站的安全消防设计提供了理论依据和数据支持,有助于提升储能系统消防装置的应用性能。To evaluate the effectiveness of fire protection systems for containerized lithium battery energy storage systems,this study constructs four experimental scenarios based on the design parameters of a storage container from a photovoltaic project:no fire protection system(control group),water sprinkler extinguishment,HFC-227ea(heptafluoropropane)gas extinguishment,and a combination of gas and water sprinkler extinguishment.Using Pyrosim software,fire scenarios caused by thermal runaway of lithium iron phosphate batteries were modelled and simulated to analyse changes in smoke volume,visibility,and temperature within the closed environment of the energy storage container during a fire.The results show that the water sprinkler system is effective in reducing the fire source temperature and suppressing fire spread but may lead to higher CO concentrations;the HFC-227ea gas extinguishment system quickly controls the fire and significantly improves visibility and temperature control;the combined gas-water sprinkler extinguishment method integrates the advantages of both systems,providing the best overall fire extinguishment performance.However,mechanical smoke ventilation proved to be limited in controlling the fire and could potentially exacerbate fire intensity and smoke dispersion.Therefore,closing ventilation to ensure extinguishment effectiveness and maintaining a closed combustion environment for storage containers is deemed reasonable and effective.This study provides theoretical and data support for the safety fire design of electrochemical energy storage stations and helps enhance the application performance of fire protection systems in energy storage.

关 键 词：储能集装箱 磷酸铁锂电池 细水雾 气体灭火 数值模拟 

分 类 号：X932[环境科学与工程—安全科学]