美国民用关键基础设施对GPS授时依赖分析  

Analysis on GPS timing dependence of US civil critical infrastructure

作　　者：陈汗龙 蔺玉亭 王宇谱 刘峰宇 郑晓雪 CHEN Hanlong;LIN Yuting;WANG Yupu;LIU Fengyu;ZHENG Xiaoxue(Beijing Satellite Navigation Center,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]北京卫星导航中心,北京100094

出　　处：《导航定位学报》2025年第2期149-155,共7页Journal of Navigation and Positioning

摘　　要：针对美国民用关键基础设施过度依赖全球定位系统(GPS)授时的问题,在对GPS授时的相关法案和政策梳理的基础上,对美国国家电网系统、移动通信系统和金融系统等关键基础设施对时间同步的具体需求进行研究;同时分析上述系统对GPS授时的依赖程度和安全风险。结果表明,其中电网的精度要求为100 ns1μs,移动通信为30 ns10μs,证券交易为50 ms;若GPS服务中断,陆地移动通信系统和数字广播会立即无法使用,电力系统无法实时监测系统状态或进行快速的故障定位,金融行业将失去监管甚至发生系统性崩溃,每天带来的经济损失约在10亿美元以上,整个国家和社会面临极大的安全风险。Aiming at the problem of excessive reliance on global positioning system(GPS)timing for critical civilian infrastructure in the United States,the paper studied the specific requirements for time synchronization for key infrastructure such as the national grid system,mobile communication system and financial system;and at the same time,analyzed the degree of dependence and security risks of the aforementioned systems on GPS timing.Results showed that the accuracy requirements for the power grid would be between 100 ns and 1µs,mobile communication between 30 ns and 10µs,and securities trading 50 ms;meanwhile,if GPS services are interrupted,land mobile communication systems and digital broadcasting would immediately become unusable,the power system would be unable to monitor system status in real time or quickly locate faults,and the financial industry would lose regulation or even experience systemic collapse,thus,the daily economic losses caused could be about 1 billion US dollars,and the entire country and society would face great security risks.

关 键 词：全球定位系统(GPS)授时 关键基础设施 时间同步 协调世界时 安全风险 

分 类 号：P228[天文地球—大地测量学与测量工程]