海湾社区韧性评估及提升策略研究——以厦门五缘湾为例  

Assessment and Enhancement of Coastal Community Resilience Strategies:A Case Study of Wuyuan Bay in Xiamen

作　　者：许梦杰 刘兴诏 谢慧黎 张扬 戴洪霞 周沿海[1] 黄发明 Xu Mengjie;Liu Xingzhao;Xie Huili;Zhang Yang;Dai Hongxia;Zhou Yanhai;Huang Faming(School of Landscape Architecture and Art,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350000,China;School of Environment and Ecology,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361000,China;School of Design and the Built Environment,Curtin University,Perth 6102,Australia;Third Institute of Oceanography,Ministry of Natural Resources,Xiamen 361000,China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学风景园林与艺术学院,福州350000 [2]厦门大学环境与生态学院,福建厦门361000 [3]科廷大学设计与建筑环境系,澳大利亚珀斯6102 [4]自然资源部第三海洋研究所,福建厦门361000

出　　处：《热带地理》2025年第4期719-730,共12页Tropical Geography

基　　金：五缘湾水域功能区划(ZX-2024-088)。

摘　　要：气候变化导致极端天气事件及海平面上升正威胁着沿海城市社区安全。为应对这一挑战,建设韧性社区已成为保障城市安全和减缓灾害影响的重要手段。文章基于社区基线理论,将韧性视为适应性与脆弱性的权衡,构建了海湾社区韧性的评估框架,并以厦门市五缘湾片区的25个小区为例,展开沿海灾害影响分析及韧性评估。结果表明,由于地理位置的不同,社区的韧性值差异显著:位于内湾的社区韧性水平较高,主要归因于其毗邻湿地公园、良好风浪条件和集中的应急设施。相反,位于外湾填海区的社区面临高受灾风险和救援不便的问题,因此韧性值较低。此外,居民自身防灾能力对于社区韧性也密切相关。以同属性外湾区域的社区为例,在部分社区实例中,由于社区凝聚力和协作能力水平较高,其韧性值仅次于内湾最高韧性值社区。然而在内湾社区案例中,由于居民社会网络较为松散,资源整合能力不足,导致应急防灾能力存在明显短板,其韧性水平较外湾滞后。因此提升沿海社区韧性需差异化施策:外湾优先优化防灾设施与应急系统,内湾强化社群协作与资源整合,并制定韧性分级标准;研究表明,唯有协同空间规划(降低暴露度)与社会能力(增强协作),方能有效应对复合型气候风险。Amidst the intensifying global climate change,coastal cities face multiple marine disaster threats due to sea level rise and frequent extreme weather events.Storm surge-induced flood disasters and their secondary effects(e.g.,urban waterlogging)pose systemic risks to the lives of the residents,properties,and coastal system infrastructure.Compared with traditional disaster prevention models,the synergistic mechanism between resilience theory and community risk management not only provides a theoretical framework for urban complex risk prevention,but also demonstrates dynamic adaptive advantages in pre-disaster prevention,disaster response,and post-disaster recovery.Accordingly,this study integrated the resilience community theory with the sponge city concept,selecting 25 storm surge-prone bay communities in the Xiamen Wuyuan Bay Area as samples to establish a community resilience evaluation framework encompassing exposure,vulnerability,adaptability,and spatial connectivity.By integrating 16 subjective and objective indicators,including the rescue facility coverage rate and residents'disaster preparedness literacy,we employed the AHP-CRITIC combined weighting method to determine indicator weights and quantify community resilience levels using TOPSIS analysis.The key findings are categorized as follows:(1)an overview of the marine disaster context,the theoretical evolution of resilient communities,and existing research gaps.The literature review indicated that marine disaster threats to coastal urban safety showed significant upward trends,where communities,as direct disaster-bearing entities,needed urgent refined resilience assessments considering their spatial heterogeneity and component vulnerability.International practice comparisons revealed three critical deficiencies in China's resilient community development:overreliance on infrastructure hardware while neglecting the landscape spatial resilience layout,insufficient innovation in social organizational resilience and collaborative mechanisms,and superficial r

关 键 词：社区韧性 评估体系 海洋灾害 海湾社区 厦门市 

分 类 号：TU984.116[建筑科学—城市规划与设计] P731.23[天文地球—海洋科学]