基于ABAQUS软件的螺栓连接疲劳行为及寿命预测  

Fatigue behavior and life prediction of bolt connections based on ABAQUS software

作　　者：高学敏 殷小健 周红磊 石大鹏 张钦莹 胡云鹏 GAO Xuemin;YIN Xiaojian;ZHOU Honglei;SHI Dapeng;ZHANG Qinying;HU Yunpeng(Henan Aerospacs Precision Machining Co.,Ltd.,Xinyang 464000,China;Henan Key Laboratory of Fastening Connection Technology,Xinyang 464000,China;Zhengzhou Research Institute,Harbin Institute of Technology,Zhengzhou 450000,China)

机构地区：[1]河南航天精工制造有限公司,信阳464000 [2]河南省紧固连接技术重点实验室,信阳464000 [3]哈尔滨工业大学郑州研究院,郑州450000

出　　处：《理化检验(物理分册)》2025年第4期19-25,共7页Physical Testing and Chemical Analysis(Part A:Physical Testing)

基　　金：河南省紧固连接技术重点实验室开放基金项目(JGLJ2306)。

摘　　要：利用有限元分析方法,对螺栓连接在疲劳载荷下的行为和疲劳寿命进行预测。首先,基于ABAQUS软件建立了详细的搭接疲劳结构有限元模型,采用Johnson-Cook本构模型描述材料的弹性和塑性行为,以提高仿真结果的准确性,通过加载不同的预紧力、载荷幅值和载荷频率,对单螺栓和多螺栓搭接结构进行了疲劳仿真试验,并验证了模型的有效性。结果表明:适度增加预紧力可显著延长螺栓的疲劳寿命,高频疲劳载荷会导致材料在较短时间内经历大量应力循环,加速疲劳损伤累积,显著缩短螺栓的疲劳寿命;对于多螺栓搭接结构,由于载荷在多个螺栓之间均匀分布,单个螺栓的应力集中效应减小,整体结构刚度提高,微动磨损减少,从而延长了其疲劳寿命;螺栓连接的疲劳损伤主要集中在螺杆中部、螺纹处及螺栓头部与杆部的过渡区域,这些高应力集中区域是疲劳裂纹萌生和扩展的主要位置,最终导致螺栓连接结构发生断裂。The finite element analysis method was used to predict the behavior and fatigue life of bolted connections under fatigue loads.Firstly,a detailed finite element model of the lap fatigue structure was established based on ABAQUS software.The Johnson-Cook constitutive model was used to describe the elastic and plastic behavior of the material,in order to improve the accuracy of the simulation results.Fatigue simulation experiments were conducted on single bolt and multi bolt lap structures by loading different pretightening forces,load amplitudes,and load frequencies,and the effectiveness of the model was verified.The results show that moderately increasing the pretightening force could significantly prolong the fatigue life of bolts.High frequency fatigue loads could cause the material to undergo a large number of stress cycles in a short period of time,accelerate the accumulation of fatigue damage,and significantly shorten the fatigue life of bolts.For multi bolt lap structures,due to the uniform distribution of loads among multiple bolts,the stress concentration effect of a single bolt was reduced,the overall structural stiffness was increased,and micro motion wear was reduced,thereby extended its fatigue life.The fatigue damage of bolted connections was mainly concentrated in the middle of the screw,the thread,and the transition area between the bolt head and the rod.These high stress concentration areas were the main locations for fatigue crack initiation and propagation,ultimately led to the fracture of bolted connection structures.

关 键 词：螺栓连接 预紧力 有限元仿真 载荷频率 疲劳寿命 

分 类 号：TB31[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程] TH131.3[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] TH142[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术] TP391.9[自动化与计算机技术—计算机科学与技术]