不同运动方式对老年人工作记忆的影响  

Effects of Different Exercise Modes on Working Memory in the Elderly

作　　者：杨磊 黄琳[3] 李加鹏 叶御威 陈进城 YANG Lei;HUANG Lin;LI Jia-peng;YE Yu-wei;CHEN Jin-cheng(Department of Physical Education,Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Fuzhou 350122,China;Institute of Rehabilitation Industry,Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Fuzhou 350122,China;School of Health Sciences,Fujian Medical University,Fuzhou 350122,China;Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital,Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Fuzhou 350003,China)

机构地区：[1]福建中医药大学体育部,福建福州350122 [2]福建中医药大学康复产业研究院,福建福州350122 [3]福建医科大学健康学院,福建福州350122 [4]福建中医药大学附属康复医院,福建福州350003

出　　处：《福建体育科技》2025年第2期1-6,13,共7页Fujian Sports Science and Technology

基　　金：福建省教育厅中青年教师教育科研项目资助(项目编号:JAT210148);福建省自然科学基金项目资助(2022J01377)。

摘　　要：目的:探讨不同运动方式对老年人工作记忆的影响。方法:采用随机对照实验研究设计,按照随机数字表法将从福州市各社区共招募了60名健康老年人,分为开放式运动组(20例),封闭式运动组(20例)和健康教育组(20例),其中两组受试者在接受老年认知功能下降等相关健康教育的基础上分别接受每周5次、每次60分钟、共12周的开放式运动(乒乓球)和封闭式运动(健步走)干预训练。另外一组仅接受健康教育。三组受试者在干预前后都接受N-back工作记忆和认知步行双任务的行为学测试。结果:干预前三组受试者在N-back工作记忆和认知步行双任务表现上均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。干预后结果显示,比较健康教育组,开放式运动组(P=0.026)和封闭式运动(P=0.038)均可显著改善1-back反应时,但两个运动组之间则无统计学差异(P>0.05)。在2-back任务上,比较健康教育组,开放式运动组(P=0.000)和封闭式运动(P=0.047)均可显著改善2-back正确率,且开放式运动组优于封闭式运动组(P=0.023)。但在2-back反应时上,只有开放式运动组显著优于健康教育组(P=0.030),两个运动组之间无统计学差异(P>0.05)。在认知步行双任务上,比较健康教育组和封闭式运动组,开放式运动组能显著改善认知步行双任务用时及成本(P<0.05),但健康教育组与封闭式运动组之间则无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:不同运动方式均可改善老年人的工作记忆,但相较于封闭式运动,开放式运动的疗效更优。Objective:To explore the impact of different exercise modes on working memory in elderly.Methods:A randomized controlled trial design was adopted,and 60 healthy elderly participants from various communities in Fuzhou City were recruited using a random number table method.They were divided into three groups:Open-skilled exercise Group(20 cases),Close-skilled exercise Group(20 cases),and Health Education Group(20 cases).The two groups received open-skilled exercise(table tennis)and close-skilled exercise(brisk walking)interventions,respectively,with 5 sessions per week for 12 weeks,based on health education related to cognitive decline in the elderly.The third group only received health education.All three groups underwent behavioral tests for N-back working memory and cognitive walking tasks before and after the intervention.Results:Before the intervention,there were no statistically significant differences in the performance of N-back working memory and cognitive walking tasks among the three groups(P>0.05).After the intervention,compared to the health education group,both the Open-skilled Exercise Group(P=0.026)and the Close-skilled Exercise Group(P=0.038)showed significant improvements in 1-back reaction time,but no statistically significant differences were found between the two exercise groups(P>0.05).In the 2-back task,compared to the health education group,both the Open-skilled Exercise Group(P=0.000)and the Close-skilled Exercise Group(P=0.047)showed significant improvements in 2-back accuracy,with the Open-skilled Exercise Group outperforming the Close-skilled Exercise Group(P=0.023).However,in the 2-back reaction time,only the Open-skilled Exercise Group significantly outperformed the Health Education Group(P=0.010),with no statistically significant difference between the two exercise groups(P>0.05).In the cognitive walking task,compared to the health education group and the close-skilled exercise group,the Open-skilled Exercise Group showed significant improvements in both the duration and cost of the c

关 键 词：开放式运动 封闭式运动 老年人 工作记忆 

分 类 号：G804.8[文化科学—运动人体科学]