2022~2023年南浔地区儿童MP感染的流行病学特征及耐药突变率分析  

Epidemiological characteristics and drug resistance mutation rate of MP infection in children in Nanxun area from 2022 to 2023

作　　者：潘荣强 孟娟 宋建忠 PAN Rongqiang;MENG Juan;SONG Jianzhong(Department of Clinical Laboratory,Huzhou Nanxun District People's Hospital,Huzhou 313009,China)

机构地区：[1]湖州市南浔区人民医院检验科,浙江湖州313009 [2]湖州市南浔区人民医院儿科,浙江湖州313009 [3]湖州市南浔区石淙镇卫生院药剂科

出　　处：《全科医学临床与教育》2025年第4期355-358,共4页Clinical Education of General Practice

摘　　要：目的分析新冠疫情放开前后南浔地区儿童肺炎支原体(MP)感染的流行病学特征及耐药突变率,为该地区MP感染的防控及耐药突变诊治提供依据。方法选取2022年1月至2023年12月在湖州市南浔区人民医院就诊的临床表现为发热、鼻塞、咳嗽、呼吸困难、扁桃体炎和肺炎的3109例患儿为研究对象,采集呼吸道分泌物,采用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)-荧光探针法检测MP核酸和大环内酯类药物(阿奇霉素)耐药突变点位(23SrRNA:A2063G、A2064G),分析并比较不同年份、不同性别、不同年龄和不同季节MP阳性率及耐药率。结果3109例呼吸道感染患儿中,MP总阳性率为24.51%,MP总耐药率为19.78%。随着季节转换和年龄升高,2022年、2023年患儿的MP阳性率及耐药率先升高后降低,其中夏季和7~9岁组患儿MP阳性率及耐药率最高;与2022年比较,2023年患儿MP总阳性率、总耐药率及男女童组、不同季节组、不同年龄段组的MP阳性率、耐药率均显著升高,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)分别=322.96、248.91、147.25、121.69、173.53、127.55、16.51、12.13、104.37、83.76、111.94、87.70、64.89、43.04、36.93、25.80、134.10、111.04、77.87、48.18、35.62、34.10,P均<0.05)。结论患儿随着年龄增大和季节转换,MP感染及耐药率呈现先升高后降低趋势,其中7~9岁患儿和夏季为南浔地区MP感染及耐药的高发人群和高发季节;新冠疫情放开后南浔地区患儿MP感染及耐药率显著升高,临床治疗前应及时检测耐药基因并做好评估,后期可通过加强个人防护预防MP感染。Objective Analyze and explore the epidemiological characteristics and drug resistance mutation rate of mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in children in Nanxun area before and after the release of the new crown epidemic,providing a basis not only for the prevention and control of Mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP)infection but also the diagnosis and treatment of drug-resistant mutations in this area.Methods Totally 3109 children with clinical manifestations such as fever,nasal congestion,cough,dyspnea,tonsillitis and pneumonia in Nanxun District People's Hospital in Huzhou from January 2022 to December 2023 were selected as the study subjects,collect their respiratory secretions,detect MP nucleic acid and macrolide(azithromycin)resistance mutation sites(23SrRNA:A2063G,A2064G)through polymerase chain reaction(PCR)-fluorescent probe method,then compare and analyze the positive rates of MP and drug resistance in different years,genders,ages and seasons.Results Among the 3109 children with respiratory tract infection,the total positive rate of MP was 24.51%,and the total drug resistance rate of MP was 19.78%.With the change of seasons and the increase of age,the MP positivity rate and drug resistance rate of children in 2022 and 2023 increased at first and then decreased,among which the highest were 7-9 years old group and in summer.Compared with 2022,the total positive rate of MP and drug resistance rate of children in 2023,the positive rate and drug resistance rate of MP in boys and girls in different seasons and different age groups increased,and the differences were statistically significant(χ^(2)=322.96,248.91,147.25,121.69,173.53,127.55,16.51,12.13,104.37,83.76,111.94,87.70,64.89,43.04,36.93,25.80,134.10,111.04,77.87,48.18,35.62,34.10,P<0.05).Conclusion With the increase of age and the change of seasons,the prevalence of MP infection and drug resistance increase at first and then decrease,among which children aged 7-9 are the high-risk population and summer is the highly frequent season of MP infection and drug resistance

关 键 词：儿童 肺炎支原体 耐药突变 流行病学 

分 类 号：R725.6[医药卫生—儿科]