柿遗传改良的成就  

Achievements in genetic improvement of persimmon

作　　者：罗正荣[1] LUO Zhengrong(National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation&Utilization of Horticultural Crops,Wuhan,Hubei 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学果蔬园艺作物种质创新与利用全国重点实验室,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《落叶果树》2025年第2期1-5,F0002,共6页Deciduous Fruits

摘　　要：目前,世界范围内的柿产业发展和遗传改良以甜柿为主要目标。柿的遗传改良以日本起步最早、成效最大,陆续推出包括阳丰、太秋、早秋和秋王等近20个杂交品种;近10年来,韩国以日本甜柿为亲本,陆续育成8个日本甜柿类型的杂交新品种;中国甜柿遗传改良技术已逐步完善,已经形成以杂交亲本选配与幼胚抢救培养、F1代单株甜涩性状和性别的分子标记早期辅助选择、无根试管苗成年态中间砧嫩枝高接以及圃地和产地同步评价等环节有机衔接的现代育种体系,并正向“基因组育种+基因编辑”育种阶段迈进。同时对国内外柿砧木遗传改良现状与最新进展进行阐述。Persimmon cultivars are generally classified into pollination constant&non-astringent(PCNA)and non-PCNA types.In recent years,global persimmon breeding has increasingly focused on PCNA cultivars.Japan has led these efforts,with national and public researchers developing about 20 excellent hybrid cultivars,including Yoho,Taishu,Soshu and Akio.Over the past decade,South Korea had used Japanese PCNA cultivars as hybridization parents to breed eight new PCNA cultivars.In China,the genetic improvement of Chinese PCNA cultivars had progressed consistently,establishing an integrated breeding system.This system incorporates hybridization parent selection,embryo rescue,early molecular marker-assisted selection for astringency and sex traits,grafting of in vitro-propagated rootless shoots onto developed intermediate rootstocks,and synchronized evaluation in breeding nursery and main producing areas.With ongoing advances,new cultivars are expected to emerge,marking a transition toward“genomic selection+gene editing”.This review also summarizes recent progress in the genetic improvement of persimmon rootstocks at both national and international levels.

关 键 词：柿 完全甜柿 砧木 遗传改良 

分 类 号：S665.2[农业科学—果树学]