英国工党的“复兴”及其执政困境  

The“Revival”of the British Labour Party and Its Governance Dilemma

作　　者：徐瑞珂 Xu Ruike

机构地区：[1]北京外国语大学英语学院英国研究中心

出　　处：《当代世界社会主义问题》2025年第1期101-116,167,共17页Issues of Contemporary World Socialism

基　　金：北京社会科学基金青年项目“英美‘联合制华’倾向及对策研究”(22ZGC010)。

摘　　要：在斯塔默领导下,英国工党在后脱欧时代逐渐展现复兴势头,逆转了连续4次败选的颓势,成功赢得2024年大选。以结构—施动者为分析视角来看,工党复兴主要是有利的国际与国内结构性条件、工党的自我革新及保守党治理衰败三者合力作用的结果。基于自我革新,斯塔默领导的工党将社会—经济结构性压力转化为动力和机遇,在社会—经济治理信誉、领袖领导形象和党内团结维度巩固并扩大了相对于保守党的比较优势,最终在2024年大选中获胜。但工党执政后未能尽快在社会—经济议题上展现其执政能力,民意支持率骤降,陷入执政困境,工党的复兴前景面临较大不确定性。Under the leadership of Keir Starmer,the British Labour Party has achieved a gradual revival in the post-Brexit era,reversing the downward trajectory marked by four consecutive electoral defeats and ultimately securing victory in the 2024 general election.By drawing on an agent-structure analytical framework,this article contends that Labour's revival is primarily the result of the combined influence of favourable international and domestic structural conditions,the party's internal reforms,and the deteriorating governance performance of the Conservative Party.Through self-reform,the Labour Party successfully transformed socio-economic structural pressures into sources of impetus and opportunity.It consolidated and expanded its comparative advantages over the Conservatives in three key dimensions:credibility in socio-economic governance,leadership image,and intra-party unity,which culminated in its electoral success in 2024.However,following its return to power,the Labour Party failed to swiftly demonstrate effective governance,particularly on socio-economic issues,resulting in a precipitous decline in public approval and the emergence of a governance dilemma.As a consequence,the long-term prospects of Labour's revival remain fraught with considerable uncertainty.

关 键 词：英国工党 治理衰败 社会—经济治理信誉 领导形象 党内团结 

分 类 号：D05[政治法律—政治学]