马克思主义视角下霍布森对“帝国主义”批判的局限性  

Limitations of Hobson’s Critique on Imperialism from Perspective of Marxism

作　　者：刘菁菁 LIU Jingjing(School of Marxism,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China)

机构地区：[1]同济大学马克思主义学院,上海200092

出　　处：《井冈山大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期69-76,共8页Journal of Jinggangshan University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“两种意识形态较量视阈下全人类共同价值的国际认同研究”(项目编号:22CKS042)。

摘　　要：霍布森的帝国主义理论呈现出独特的分析框架,其核心观点是将帝国主义界定为损害国家利益的商业扩张政策,并将扩张动因归咎于分配失衡导致的“消费不足”与“储蓄过度”现象。该理论在分析层面呈现出双重局限性:在问题根源的探究上,其将研究视域局限于分配领域而忽视生产关系的根本性作用;在解决方案的构建上,对内寄希望于资产阶级民主政治的自我改良,对外则设想以“国际帝国主义”体系替代传统殖民模式。基于马克思主义理论视角的分析表明,尽管霍布森对帝国主义运行机制提出了创新性解释,但其理论体系存在着对资本主义基本矛盾的系统性误判,这种理论缺陷导致其改良主义方案最终沦为无法实现的空想。Hobson’s theory of imperialism,with its unique analytical framework,present a core view which defines imperialism as a commercial expansion policy that harms national interests.Meanwhile,it attributes the driving force behind expansion to the under-consumption and excessive savings,which results from imbalanced distribution.The theory exhibits a dual limitation in its analysis.Firstly,in probing the root causes,it confines to the domain of distribution while neglecting the fundamental role of production.Secondly,in addressing the solutions,it places hope in the self-improvement of bourgeois democratic politics domestically and in the replacement of traditional colonial model with an international imperialism externally.Analysis from a Marxist theoretical perspective indicates that,although Hobson offers an innovative explanation of the operational mechanisms of imperialism,his theoretical framework suffers from a systematic misjudgment of the fundamental contradictions of capitalism,which ultimately renders his reformist proposals an unachievable utopia.

关 键 词：霍布森 帝国主义 消费不足 国际帝国主义 马克思主义 

分 类 号：D09[政治法律—政治学] A81[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]