经济发展与环境正义:湄公河水电开发中的竞争性叙事  

Economic Development versus Environmental Justice:Contested Narratives about Hydropower Development in the Lower Mekong Basin

作　　者：王彦[1] 王光厚[1] WANG Yan;WANG Guanghou(School of Political Science and Law,Northeast Normal University,Changchun 130117,Jilin)

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学政法学院,吉林长春130117

出　　处：《南洋问题研究》2025年第1期105-120,共16页Southeast Asian Affairs

摘　　要：湄公河水电开发是一个充满高度冲突性的政策领域,各竞争性联盟通过话语和行动将其由政策争议转变成叙事竞争,从而影响了湄公河水电开发的进程。不同倡议团体对湄公河水电开发产生了不同的影响,从叙事政策分析框架(NPF)理论来看,国际水电协会与国际河流组织的湄公河水电开发存在着竞争性叙事,两者分别将“经济发展”和“环境正义”作为主要的话语武器,讲述“水电开发与经济繁荣”及“水电开发与环境破坏”两个不同版本的故事,并通过“天使与魔鬼转换”“扩大与减少冲突”“因果机制”等策略,试图达到推动或阻止水电开发的政策目的。中国企业作为湄公河水电开发项目的主要建设者与融资者,成为那些反对水电开发的倡议团体的主要指责对象,它们将湄公河环境问题归咎于中国的水电开发企业和金融机构,甚至扩展到整个中国国家层面,由此形成中国企业海外水电投资中尤其要防范的话语风险。As a highly controversial policy issue,hydropower development in the Mekong River Basin has been transformed into a kind of narrative war with the help of discourse and action,which affects the region's hydropower development.The academics have paid attention to the impact of advocacy groups' activities on the Mekong hydropower development,but have not revealed the process in which they worked.Based on the framework of narrative policy analysis,this paper presents an analysis of the contested narratives between International Hydropower Association and International Rivers.International Hydropower Association and International Rivers take “economic development” and “environmental justice” respectively as their main discursive weapons,telling the story of “hydropower development and economic prosperity” and “hydropower development and environmental destruction”,which use strategies of “angel/devil shift”,“conflict-expanding and limiting” and “causal mechanism” to achieve their goals of promoting or preventing hydropower development.Chinese enterprises are the main builders and financiers of hydropower development projects in the Lower Mekong Basin.Advocacy groups opposing hydropower development attribute the environmental issues of the Lower Mekong Basin to Chinese hydropower enterprises and financial institutions,even extending responsibilities to the national agency.It is a discourse risk to which Chinese enterprises should pay special attention while investing in overseas hydropower project.

关 键 词：湄公河 水电开发 竞争性叙事 叙事政策框架 

分 类 号：TV213.4[水利工程—水文学及水资源]