镁合金的增强改性技术及其在航天领域的应用进展  

Advancements in enhancement and modification technologies ofmagnesium alloys and applications in the aerospace sector

作　　者：刘晓英 方敏 张欣芳 孔华敏 李欣珂 LIU Xiaoying;FANG Min;ZHANG Xinfang;KONG Huamin;LI Xinke(Army Logistics Academy of PLA,Chongqing 401331,China;College of Materials Science&Engineering,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400044,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民解放军陆军勤务学院,重庆401331 [2]重庆大学材料科学与工程学院,重庆400044

出　　处：《功能材料》2025年第4期4058-4068,共11页Journal of Functional Materials

基　　金：重庆市研究生科研创新基金资助项目(CYB22007,CYS23071);中央高校基础科研基金资助项目(2020CDJXZ001);重庆市技术创新与应用开发专项资助项目(Z20211350,Z20211351);重庆市生态环境局科研资助项目(CQEE2022-STHBZZ118)。

摘　　要：在航天器设计中,为降低发射成本,选择兼具强度、轻量化和耐高温性能的材料至关重要,因此轻质金属的研究与开发在航天领域具有重要意义。镁合金因其低密度、高比强度和优良的机械性能,在航空航天、汽车和军工领域展现出广泛应用前景。然而,其耐腐蚀性较差和加工塑性难度大,使得镁合金的增强工艺和改性技术成为研究热点。为了进一步提升镁合金的安全性和可靠性,并扩大其应用范围,综述了镁合金在航天领域的应用潜力及其面临的问题,通过对当前镁合金材料的增强工艺和表面技术的概述,以提高镁合金的材料强度、抗腐蚀性、空间环境下热中子的吸收能力以及空间设备的热控制等性能,探讨了其作为新型金属合金的科学基础和应用潜能。同时介绍了镁合金在卫星结构件、航天器有效载荷和能源系统等航天领域的应用,并展望了未来的研究重点和目标,为镁合金在航天装备设计与制造中的应用提供指导。In spacecraft design,in order to reduce the launch cost,it is crucial to select materials with both strength,lightweight and high temperature resistance properties,so the research and development of lightweight metals is of great significance in the aerospace field.Magnesium alloys show a wide range of application prospects in aerospace,automotive and military industries due to their low density,high specific strength and excellent mechanical properties.However,its poor corrosion resistance and difficult processing plasticity make the reinforcement process and modification technology of magnesium alloys a research hotspot.In order to further enhance the safety and reliability of magnesium alloys and to expand the scope of their application,this paper reviews the application potential of magnesium alloys in aerospace and the problems they face,and discusses their performance as new types of the scientific basis and application potential of metal alloys.The applications of magnesium alloys in aerospace fields such as satellite structural components,spacecraft payloads and energy systems are also introduced,and future research focuses and objectives are envisioned to provide guidance for the application of magnesium alloys in the design and manufacture of aerospace equipment.

关 键 词：镁合金 力学性能 热处理 航天器 应用展望 

分 类 号：TG178[金属学及工艺—金属表面处理]