原料预处理对生物炭特性及污染物去除能力的影响  

Influence of feedstock pre-treatment on characteristics andpollutant removal capacity of biochar

作　　者：许成涛 王敦球[1,2,3] 白少元[1,2,3] 义玮 刘立恒[1,2,3] XU Chengtao;WANG Dunqiu;BAI Shaoyuan;YI Wei;LIU Liheng(College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin 541006,China;Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin 541006,China;Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin 541006,China)

机构地区：[1]桂林理工大学环境科学与工程学院,广西桂林541006 [2]桂林理工大学岩溶地区水污染控制与用水安全保障协同创新中心,广西桂林541006 [3]桂林理工大学广西环境污染控制理论与技术重点实验室,广西桂林541006

出　　处：《功能材料》2025年第4期4069-4077,4086,共10页Journal of Functional Materials

基　　金：国家自然科学基金地区项目(52160016);广西重点研发计划项目(桂科AB21220006)。

摘　　要：由于成本低、环境友好等特点,生物炭被广泛用于水中污染物的去除。但是原始生物炭存在比表面积较小、表面官能团不丰富、吸附量低等不足。因此,如何改善生物炭的性能成为该领域的研究热点之一。综述了原料预处理方式(酸/碱活化、盐浸渍、矿物掺杂、纳米碳负载)对生物炭特性(比表面积、孔容、表面官能团等)及污染物(重金属、抗生素和染料)去除能力的影响,阐述了预处理对生物炭去除污染物的强化能力及机理(孔隙填充、离子交换、氢键、静电吸引、π-π相互作用等)。该综述能为生物炭的制备及实际应用提供参考。Due to its low cost and environmental friendliness,biochar is widely used for the removal of pollutants in water.However,the pristine biochar also suffers from the deficiencies of small specific surface area,not rich in surface functional groups,and low adsorption capacity,and thus how to improve the performance of biochar has become one of the research hotspots in this field.In this paper,the effects of feedstock pretreatment methods(acid/alkali activation,salts impregnation,mineral adulteration,and graphene load)on the characteristics(specific surface area,pore volume,surface functional groups,etc.)and pollutant removal capacity(heavy metals,antibiotics and dyes)of biochar are reviewed.The mechanisms of pretreatment to enhance the pollutant removal capacity of biochar(pore filling,ion exchange,hydrogen bonding,electrostatic attraction,π-πinteraction,etc.)are also discussed.In summary,this review can provide important reference for the preparation and practical application of biochar.

关 键 词：生物炭 原料预处理 特性 重金属 有机污染物 

分 类 号：TQ424[化学工程] X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]