上行效应及下行效应对小北湖浮游植物功能群的影响  

Influences of Bottom-Up and Top-Down Effects on the Phytoplankton Functional Groups in Xiaobei Lake

作　　者：张幼 马成学[1] 王思宇 常畅然 张静[2] Zhang You;Ma Chengxue;Wang Siyu;Chang Changran;Zhang Jing(Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,P.R.China;Heilongjiang Agricultural Economy Vocational College)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学,哈尔滨150040 [2]黑龙江农业经济职业学院

出　　处：《东北林业大学学报》2025年第6期81-87,共7页Journal of Northeast Forestry University

基　　金：黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(SS2023C001);呼伦湖保护区科学技术研究能力加强关键技术研究项目委托课题第2期(HSZCS-C-F-220050);东北林业大学大学生创新创业项目(DC-2024021)。

摘　　要：为研究上行效应-浮游动物、下行效应-水环境因子对浮游植物功能群的影响,于2023年春季、夏季、秋季对小北湖15个采样点进行采样分析。结果表明:小北湖可划分为22个浮游植物功能群(H1、P、X2、L、E、C、D、F、G、J、L0、M、MP、N、S1、TB、W1、W2、X1、X3、Y、Ws)和8个浮游动物功能群(LCF、MCC、MCF、PF、RC、RF、SCF、PC),两者分别呈由P、HI功能群向HI、X2功能群再向P、X2、HI功能群及RC、SCF、PF功能群向RF、RC、PF功能群再向RC功能群的季节演变趋势。其中,生物量为47.84%的P功能群、66.01%的HI功能群、77.98%的RC功能群分别在春季、夏季、秋季占绝对优势。通过RDA多元统计分析和Pearson相关分析,轮虫滤食者(RF)、原生动物滤食者(PF)、轮虫捕食者(RC)、水温(WT)、pH、透明度(SD)、化学耗氧量(CODMn)、生化需氧量(BOD 5)、总磷(TP)、总氮(TN)均为浮游植物功能群的主要影响因子。H1、X2功能群与RF、PF、BOD 5、TP呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与SCF、LCF、SD呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。水环境因子(上行效应)对浮游植物功能群的影响更大,明显超过浮游动物功能群(下行效应)对浮游植物功能群的影响。高质量浓度的总磷及总氮会促使蓝藻爆发。在高水平营养盐的湖泊中,小型浮游动物RF、PF功能群更利于蓝藻生长,大型浮游动物功能群则对蓝藻无影响。In order to study the impacts of the bottom-up effect,namely zooplankton,and the top-down effect,that is,water environmental factors,on the phytoplankton functional groups,sampling and analysis were carried out at 15 sampling sites in Xiaobei Lake in spring,summer and autumn of 2023.The results showed that the phytoplankton in Xiaobei Lake could be divided into 22 phytoplankton functional groups(H1,P,X2,L,E,C,D,F,G,J,L0,M,MP,N,S1,TB,W1,W2,X1,X3,Y,Ws)and 8 zooplankton functional groups(LCF,MCC,MCF,PF,RC,RF,SCF,PC),which showed seasonal evolution trends from the P and HI functional groups to the HI and X2 functional groups,and then to the P,X2 and HI functional groups,as well as from the RC,SCF and PF functional groups to the RF,RC and PF functional groups,and then to the RC functional group.Among them,the P functional group with a biomass of 47.84%,the HI functional group with a biomass of 66.01%and the RC functional group with a biomass of 77.98%were in absolute dominance in spring,summer and autumn respectively.Through RDA multivariate statistical analysis and Pearson correlation analysis,rotifer filter feeders(RF),protozoan filter feeders(PF),rotifer predators(RC),water temperature(WT),pH,transparency(SD),chemical oxygen consumption(CODMn),biochemical oxygen demand(BOD 5),total phosphorus(TP)and total nitrogen(TN)were all the main influencing factors of phytoplankton functional groups.The H1 and X2 functional groups had extremely significant positive correlations with RF,PF,BOD 5 and TP(P<0.01),and significant negative correlations with SCF,LCF and SD(P<0.05).The impact of water environmental factors(bottom-up effect)on phytoplankton functional groups was greater,which was obviously higher than the impact of zooplankton functional groups(top-down effect)on phytoplankton functional groups.High concentrations of total phosphorus and total nitrogen would promote the outbreak of cyanobacteria.In lakes with high levels of nutrients,the small zooplankton functional groups of RF and PF were more conducive to the growt

关 键 词：浮游植物功能群 小北湖 上行效应 下行效应 

分 类 号：S932.7[农业科学—渔业资源]