不同更新树种对日本落叶松人工林生长、林下植物多样性及土壤性质的影响  

Effects of Different Regeneration Tree Species on the Growth of Larix kaempferi Plantation Forests,the Diversity of Understory Plants and the Soil Properties

作　　者：丁磊 林强 高谢雨 Ding Lei;Lin Qiang;Gao Xieyu(Liaoning Provincial Institute of Forest Management,Dandong 118003,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省森林经营研究所,丹东118003

出　　处：《东北林业大学学报》2025年第6期106-114,共9页Journal of Northeast Forestry University

基　　金：辽宁省应用基础研究计划项目(2023JH2/101300151);辽宁省农业科学院学科建设项目(2022DD247741)。

摘　　要：对辽东山区34年生日本落叶松(Larix kaempferi)人工林进行抚育间伐,林冠下人工更新红松(Pinus koraiensis)、水曲柳(Fraxinus mandschurica)、紫穗槐(Amorpha fruticose),设置5种配置模式(D1(更新红松、水曲柳)、D2(更新红松)、D3(更新红松、紫穗槐)、D4(更新水曲柳)、D5(更新红松、紫穗槐)),以日本落叶松人工单层纯林为对照(CK)。7 a后比较不同更新树种及配置模式对日本落叶松人工林生长、林下植物多样性及土壤性质的影响。结果表明:不同更新树种能促进日本落叶松人工林林分平均胸径和林木单株材积的生长,其中D4处理效果最好。对于灌木层物种多样性,Shannon-Wiener指数表现为D1、D4、D5高于CK,差异显著(P<0.05)。对于草本层物种多样性,各更新树种处理的Shannon-Wiener指数均高于CK,差异显著,5种配置模式下D2草本层物种多样性较低,其他4种处理差异不显著。不同更新树种对土壤理化性质影响显著,改变了土壤中参与碳、氮、磷循环的相关酶活性。土壤密度、最大持水量和田间持水量以D4、D5较好。土壤毛管持水量和总孔隙度以D4最好。土壤pH值、全钾和碱性磷酸酶活性以D4最好。土壤有机碳、速效钾、全磷、速效磷和多酚氧化酶活性以D4、D5较好。土壤全氮、铵态氮和脲酶以D5最好。土壤酶活性与土壤化学性质显著相关。其中多酚氧化酶与全氮、铵态氮均极显著正相关,与pH值显著正相关。碱性磷酸酶与全氮、铵态氮均极显著正相关。脲酶与pH值、全氮均极显著正相关,与有机碳、铵态氮均显著正相关。用熵权法进行综合评价,得分排序由大到小为D4、D5、D3、D1、D2、CK。各更新处理的经营效果均好于对照,红松、水曲柳、紫穗槐都是适宜的更新树种,与更新红松相比,日本落叶松林冠下更新水曲柳、紫穗槐更能提高促进林木生长、林下植物多样性和土壤酶活性,改善土壤理化性质Thinning was carried out in a 34-year-old Larix kaempferi plantation forest in the mountainous area of eastern Liaoning.P.koraiensis,Fraxinus mandschurica,and Amorpha fruticose were artificially regenerated under the forest canopy.Five configuration patterns were set up(D1(regeneration of P.koraiensis and F.mandschurica),D2(regeneration of P.koraiensis),D3(regeneration of P.koraiensis and A.fruticose),D4(regeneration of F.mandschurica),D5(regeneration of P.koraiensis and A.fruticose),with a single-layer pure L.kaempferi plantation forest as the control(CK).Seven years later,the effects of different regeneration tree species and configuration patterns on the growth of L.kaempferi plantation forests,the diversity of understory plants,and the soil properties were compared.The results showed that different regeneration tree species could promote the growth of the average diameter at breast height of the L.kaempferi plantation forest stand and the individual tree volume,among which the treatment of D4 had the best effect.For the species diversity of the shrub layer,the Shannon-Wiener index of D1,D4,and D5 was higher than that of CK,with a significant difference(P<0.05).For the species diversity of the herb layer,the Shannon-Wiener index of each treatment with regeneration tree species was higher than that of CK,with a significant difference.The species diversity of the herb layer in D2 under the five configuration patterns was relatively low,and there was no significant difference among the other four treatments.Different regeneration tree species had a significant impact on the physical and chemical properties of the soil,changing the activities of related enzymes involved in the carbon,nitrogen,and phosphorus cycles in the soil.The soil density,maximum water holding capacity,and field water holding capacity were better in D4 and D5.The capillary water holding capacity and total porosity of the soil were the best in D4.The soil pH value,total potassium,and alkaline phosphatase activity were the best in D4.The soil or

关 键 词：更新树种 林木生长 植物多样性 土壤理化性质 

分 类 号：S753.75[农业科学—森林经理学]