戊唑醇对假禾谷镰孢的抑制作用及对小麦茎基腐病的防治效果  

Inhibitory effect of tebuconazole on Fusarium pseudograminearum and its control effect on wheat Fusarium cown rot

作　　者：刘言 段晓欣 成泽珺 高续恒 宋雅静 刘圣明[1] 郑伟[1] 徐建强[1] LIU Yan;DUAN Xiaoxin;CHENG Zejun;GAO Xuheng;SONG Yajing;LIU Shengming;ZHENG Wei;XU Jianqiang(College of Horticulture and Plant Protection,Henan University of Science and Technology,Luoyang 471003,China)

机构地区：[1]河南科技大学园艺与植物保护学院,洛阳471003

出　　处：《植物病理学报》2025年第2期289-300,共12页Acta Phytopathologica Sinica

基　　金：河南省科技攻关(242102111113);洛阳市公益性行业科研专项(2302032A)。

摘　　要：小麦茎基腐病(Fusarium crown rot)是由假禾谷镰孢(Fusarium pseudograminearum)为主引起的土传病害,其侵染小麦产生各种毒素并造成小麦白穗现象,对小麦产量与粮食安全造成严重威胁。为明确戊唑醇对F.pseudograminearum不同生长发育时期的抑菌作用与对防治小麦茎基腐病的效果,本文研究了戊唑醇对F.pseudograminearum的菌丝生长、孢子萌发、芽管伸长、产孢的影响,建立了F.pseudograminearum对戊唑醇的敏感性基线,并进行了戊唑醇防治小麦茎基腐病的田间防效试验。结果表明,戊唑醇对F.pseudograminearum菌丝生长的EC_(50)值为(0.0560±0.0321)μg·mL^(-1),对F.pseudograminearum孢子萌发的EC_(50)值>50μg·mL^(-1);通过比较3株供试F.pseudograminearum的菌丝生长、孢子萌发、芽管伸长与产孢对戊唑醇的敏感性,发现孢子萌发的EC_(50)值最高,EC_(50)值>8μg·mL^(-1);芽管伸长与产孢的EC_(50)值最低,EC_(50)值<0.01μg·mL^(-1);且不同质量浓度戊唑醇处理使F.pseudograminearum菌丝、芽管与分生孢子均造成不同程度的畸形,戊唑醇质量浓度越高致畸作用越明显;430 g·L^(-1)戊唑醇悬浮种衣剂(Flowable concentrate for seed treatment,FS)对小麦不同生长时期小麦茎基腐病的田间防效结果表明,拔节期时伊川试验田的相对防效为67.38%,新安试验田的相对防效为71.85%;灌浆后期时伊川试验田的相对防治效果为37.19%,新安试验田的相对防效为36.89%;乳熟期时伊川试验田的小麦白穗率均为6.30%,新安试验田的小麦白穗率为7.21%;430 g·L^(-1)戊唑醇FS防治效果与对照药剂25 g·L^(-1)咯菌腈FS之间无显著差异;两种杀菌剂处理后与对照相比千粒质量无显著变化,表明小麦经过戊唑醇FS拌种后不影响来年麦粒的质量。结果表明戊唑醇对F.pseudograminearum的菌丝生长、产孢和芽管伸长具有较强的抑制作用,戊唑醇拌种可有效防治小麦茎基腐病。研究结果为戊唑醇在小麦茎基Wheat Fusarium crown rot(FCR)is a soil-borne disease caused by F.pseudograminearum.The pathogen can produce various mycotoxins and cause wheat plants with white head,which poses a serious threat to wheat yield and food security.In order to clarify the inhibitory effects of tebuconazole on different growth stages of F.pseudograminearum and the efficacy of tebuconazole in controlling FCR,the effects of tebuconazole on mycelial growth,conidial germination,germ tube elongation and sporulation of F.pseudograminearum were studied,and the field control efficacy test was carried out.The results showed that the EC_(50) value of tebuconazole on mycelial growth of F.pseudograminearum was(0.0560±0.0321)μg·mL^(-1),and the EC_(50) value on conidial germination was>50μg·mL^(-1).By comparing the activity of tebuconazole on three F.pseudograminearum strains at mycelial growth,sporulation,conidial germination and germ tube elongation stagey,it was found that the EC_(50) value of conidial germination was the highest(>8μg·mL^(-1))while EC_(50) values of germ tube elongation and sporulation were the lowest(<0.01μg·mL^(-1)).The teratogenic effect was increased as the concentration of tebuconazole higher.The results of field control efficacy of 430 g·L^(-1) tebuconazole FS on FCR at different growth stages of wheat showed that the relative control effects at jointing stage of wheat were 67.38%and 71.85%for Yichuan experimental field and Xin'an experimental field,respectively.At the late filling stage,the relative control effect for Yichuan experimental field was 37.19%,and for Xin'an experimental field it was 36.89%.At the milky stage,the white head ratio of wheat in Yichuan experimental field was 6.30%,and that was 7.21%in Xin'an experimental field.There was no significant difference in the control efficacy between 430 g·L^(-1) tebuconazole FS and the control fungicide 25 g·L^(-1) fludioxonil FS.There was also no significant change in 1000-grain weight after treatment with the two fungicides compared with the control,indic

关 键 词：假禾谷镰孢 戊唑醇 抑菌作用 小麦茎基腐病 防治效果 

分 类 号：S432.44[农业科学—植物病理学]